1. Water treatment/purification options for El Salvador project

2. Overview of the different techniques
Great overview of the different methods used currently (Also includes a TED video of Life saver bottles)
Water purification methods for developing countries
Talks about chlorine, iodine, bromine for water treatment along with reverse osmosis, lifesaver bottles and lifestraws

3. Filtration/purification at the tap
Ceramic filter at the tap
Ceramic filters in Cambodia - Field report
Bio-sand filter
How it works
Moringa Oleifera seeds

4. Lifesaver jerrycan

5. Aquatabs Could be used as a point of use or community based
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC)
30 minute treatment time
No or minimal chlorine taste

6. P&G – Purifier of water sachet
Point of use disinfectant
Calcium hypochlorite and ferric sulfate
30 minute treatment time
Chlorine taste dissipates after a few hours
Standard operating procedure -

7. SE200 Point of use or community based
Concept based on electrochlorination
Eliminates the dependency on supply chain  

8. Bio-sand filter
Micro-organisms in the bio-layer eat many of the pathogens
Upto 36L/h of clean drinking water
Biological layer takes 3 weeks to mature
CAWST carried out water analyses of 107 long term Biosand filter users in Haiti in 2005 and found average removal effectiveness of 98.5% (measuring E. coli, the indicator bacteria recommended by the WHO)

9. Cost-benefit analysis
Weightage (%)
Chlorine tablets*
Aquatabs
P&G PUR sachet
SE200
Lifesaver jerry can
Bio-sand filter
Cost 25 1 3 2 4
Accessibility / Supply chain 10
Feasibility
Complexity / Ease of use
Acceptance 15
Effectiveness 5
Ranking
1 – Best
5 - Worst
*Chlorine tablets at community level

10. Definitions
Cost – Cost of purifying water per person Accessibility – Are the raw materials readily available Feasibility – Is the process feasible for the community Acceptance – Will people adopt the process Effectiveness – Is the process effective in providing clean water to the families