1. India Today

2. India Today
India's population consists of approximately 1.17 billion people and makes up approximately one-sixth of the world's population.
India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented.
Religion in India is as diverse as its geography and culture.
In India, religion and culture play a very important role.
Religion is an essential part of most Indian life.
Agriculture is one of the most important ways of earning a living
Almost two-thirds of the population practices subsistence farming.( grow enough to feed your family)
Indian economy has been on the rise for the past few years with effects of globalization (one world market) , privatization ( people not businesses own business for profit) and liberalization being seen.
This has opened up many new business opportunities in India for foreign and multinational companies.

3. Government & Economy Today
India’s government operates as a federal republic with a president, VP, Prime Minister and council.
Citizens elect officials to make decisions for them.
Power is divided between the national and state governments. (What is that called? Federation!)
India has a mixed economy. The government controls some industries, but today many are owned by individuals.
India’s economy has grown and it is becoming a major player in world trade.
Unitary
Confederation
Federal

4. Basic Facts GDP 3.304 trillion dollars
GDP per capita 2,900
Labor :agriculture: 60%, industry: 12%, services: 28%
25% of the population lives below the poverty level
Only 29% of the population lives in cities.
Second largest population in the world
Infant mortality rate 30.15
Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid
Literacy rate: total population: 61%,male: 73.4%,female: 47.8%

5. India’s Geography
Desert
Plateau
Ranges

6. India’s Climate versus Population

7. What can we deduct from the basic facts?
People???
Country???

8. EQ’s … What impact did Arabs have on India?
What impact did the Mughal Empire have on India?
What impact did the British have on India?
Who was Mohandas Gandhi and why is he important to India?
How did India gain independence?
Why was Pakistan established?
What is India like?

9. India’s modern history
A quick tour of
India’s modern history

10. Quick history of India 1526 - 1707 8th Century Islam Arabs arrive
What do you think they might bring to India?
Mughal Empire
1st emperor
Barbur
Contributions – new trade routes – via land and water
Islam

11. Akbar 3rd emperor of Mughal Empire
Lived in peace because he included both Hindus and Muslims in government
Taxed people according to value of land – thus poor not taxed as heavily as rich
Strong supporter of the arts; therefore, arts flourished during his reign
Had his life story told in words and pictures in the Akbarnama or The Memoirs of Akbar.

12. The British arrive!
1600’s
1796
1818
British trade with Mughals in India
British companies set up factories and trading centers
What might this lead to?
British take control of Sri Lanka and the Maldives
Indians agreed to be ruled by British

13. The British Way Britain brings England to India
British army, navy, merchants, and Christian missionaries
New technology for railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and new methods of irrigation
The British legal system
British schools
And made English the official language!

14. After World War I, Indians begin thinking about independence.
1885 – Indian National Congress formed for Indians
1906 – Muslim League formed for Muslims in India
To add, Indians had a great leader in Mohandas Gandhi

15. Gandhi
Born in India in 1869
Witnessed the discrimination of Indians by the British
Studied law in England
Ex – protested British monopoly of salt – he led a 240-mile walk to the coast to gather sea salt.

16. Spent the rest of his life working for justice for the Indian people and independence for India
Believed –
Indians should be treated equally
Women should have same freedoms as men
Hindus and Muslims should find peaceful ways to solve problems

17. Let’s look at one of Gandhi’s organized marches…
Under his leadership, he encouraged nonviolence to resist British in order to bring about change
Hunger strikes
Organized marches
Organized labor strikes
Let’s look at one of Gandhi’s organized marches…

18. The Salt March

19. British had a law … it was illegal for anyone but British to collect, produce, and sell salt. However, salt was invaluable to the people of India so they had to comply with this law.
Salt was in great supply so Indians could easily collect the salt for free; however, this was a criminal offense.
Therefore, Gandhi chose salt as the motive for civil disobedience. Remember … what is civil disobedience? (The decision to break specific laws because they are unjust in an attempt to change policy)
In 1930, Gandhi, with 78 others, marched 241 miles in 24 days on a non-violent march protesting the British Salt Tax.

20. Gandhi picked up a tiny lump of salt, breaking the law
Gandhi picked up a tiny lump of salt, breaking the law. The Salt March started a series of protests. Within a month, Gandhi was arrested and thrown in a prison already full of fellow protestors. The world embraced Gandhi and his followers and their civil disobedience, eventually enabling India to gain their freedom from Britain.

21. Who do you know about that might follow the examples of Gandhi?
Nelson Mandela
Martin Luther King

22. Examples of the wisdom of Gandhi
What do you think these sayings mean?
Would you agree with the wisdom of Gandhi?

23. Eventually, India’s Independence
Eventually British realized they would have to leave India; however, there remained a problem…
Indian National Congress and Muslim League disagreed about the new government of India
Indian National Congress
Muslim League

24. The two countries were formed and granted independence in 1947!
Solution –
divide India
India for the Hindus
Pakistan for the Muslims
The two countries were formed and granted independence in 1947!

25. The dispute over Kashmir
Since the independence of both India and Pakistan in 1947, both nations have claimed the area of Kashmir, mainly because of its water resources. To date, a resolution has yet to be reached! India claims the region but Pakistan claims the area is a disputed territory. There has been much fighting over the issue.

26. Sri Lanka and the Maldives followed India’s example –
Sri Lanka became independent in
the Maldives in 1965

27. Indira Gandhi India’s first woman prime minister 1966
For a country that had traditionally held women in positions subservient to men, becoming the country’s first woman prime minister was a huge milestone for the country, as well as an inspiration to women around the world.
Assassinated – supposedly by two of her bodyguards – both executed for her murder…believed she was assassinated in retaliation of the massacre of the Sikhs at the golden temple
How does this compare with the US?

28. Take a virtual tour - http://www.taj-mahal.net/index.htm
You cannot tour India without seeing the great…
Taj Mahal
Built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for his wife, this white marble building is India’s most famous building and an excellent example of Islamic architecture.
Take a virtual tour -

29. Let’s look at what India is like …

30. 1.5% Buddhist
2% Christians
80% Hindus

31. What is the Difference?
Ethnic Groups
Religion
Religion?
Ethnic Group?

32. India is the world’s 2nd most populous country, second to China.
Millions

33. Being the 2nd most populous country in the world, how do you think their literacy rate might compare with other countries?

34. Literacy Rate of India As compared to other countries
Percentage of population
As high as 90% in some urban areas

35. Being the world’s 2nd most populous country, what problems might India be facing?
Millions

36. POVERTY & OVER-POPULATION

37. Includes water pollution …
Environmental problems from overpopulation, industries, and lack of control by government …
Includes water pollution …

38. … air pollution

39. … deforestation

40. Pollution In India Today
Air pollution-500,000 Indian’s die each year due to pollution.
What are the main causes? What can you think of?
Ganges –the Ganges, the holiest of all rivers in India is in terrible danger.
What practices in India would NEVER be allowed in the U.S.?
How has the growing industrial economy influenced this?

41. Indian culture and traditions

42. Greetings Folded hands show respect
How does this compare to other cultural greetings you know of?
Do you think your cultural greeting shows respect?

43. In India the bride wears red!
In India, marriage is seen as an institution where not two people but two families get united. So, it always calls for celebrations full of music and dance.
In India the bride wears red!

44. This is not a permanent tattoo, but it will last for several days.
Henna
Usually applied to a bride’s hand and feet the night before her wedding.
This is not a permanent tattoo, but it will last for several days.
Relatives of the bride will apply the design. It usually takes up to eight hours!

45. Flower garlands
Indians welcome others with garlands of flowers – also marriage ritual where the groom and bride exchange flower garlands – also offer flower garlands to gods.

46. How does this compare to other cultural weddings you know of?

47. Indian fashion

48. Bindi A bindi is a mark worn by young girls and women
Bindi A bindi is a mark worn by young girls and women. Bindi is derived from Bindu, the Sanskrit word for dot. It is usually a red dot which is worn by women between their eyebrows on their forehead. Considered a symbol of Goddess Parvati, a bindi signifies female energy and is believed to protect women and their husbands. Traditionally a symbol of marriage, it is also worn today by unmarried women.

49. Tilak is a mark on the forehead
Tilak is a mark on the forehead. It can be put in many forms as a sign of blessing and greeting . The Tilak is applied on the spot between the brows which is considered the seat of wisdom and mental concentration, and is very important for worship. It also indicates the point at which the spiritual eye opens. All thoughts and actions are said to be governed by this spot. Putting of the colored mark symbolizes the quest for the 'opening' of the third eye.

50. So, let’s review … What impact did Arabs have on India?
What impact did the Mughal Empire have on India?
What impact did the British have on India?
Who was Mohandas Gandhi and why is he important to India?
How did India gain independence?
Why was Pakistan established?
What is India like?

51. Ticket out the door …
Name 1 person who was influenced by Gandhi and followed his example.
Name 2 other continents that Britain had colonies on at one time.
List 3 things you learned about India.

52. Words, people, and places to know…
Gandhi
Mughal Empire
Akbar
Indian National Congress
Muslim League
Pakistan
Kashmir
Disputed territory
Indira Gandhi
Taj Mahal

53. Words, people, and places to know…
Mohandas Gandhi – great independence leader of India – taught non-violent resistance to gain independence from Britain
Mughal Empire – an empire, lasting from , that covered most of the India subcontinent
Akbar – 3rd Mughal emperor of India – included both Hindus and Muslims in government
Indian National Congress – organization formed by Indian Hindus – worked to gain independence from Britain
Muslim League – organized formed by Indian Muslims – worked to gain independence from Britain

54. Words, people, and places to know…
Pakistan – country created for Indian Muslims when British granted independence to India in 1947
Kashmir – disputed territory between Pakistan and India
Disputed territory – disagreement over the possession/control of land by two or more countries
Indira Gandhi – 1st woman prime minister of India
Taj Mahal – famous white marble in India – built by Mughal emperor for his wife – excellent example of Islamic architecture