2. History In 1932 Plymouth constructed its first wastewater treatment plant In 1959 they transferred the sewage utilities over to Plymouth Utilities

3. Reports Sewage Rates 2012 Drinking Water Quality Report

4. What’s the Difference? Water Treatment Plant (Lab – Part 1) Starts in lakes, rivers, or groundwater (“raw water”) Pumps to a water treatment plant Routed through settling tanks and filters Chlorine is added, and the “finished water” is ready to drink Pumps, storage tanks and pipes move the drinking water back into homes, schools, businesses

5. What’s the Difference? Wastewater Treatment Plant (Lab – Part 2) Wastewater is drinking water that is used indoors. For example: The water to wash your clothes, take a shower, brush your teeth, wash your dishes, etc. Water is put through screens and settles to remove large inorganic wastes (copper, lead, fluoride, nitrates)

6. What’s the Difference? Use biological processes (bacteria) to breakdown and remove organic matter (come from industries, petroleum, gas stations) Settle to remove the natural bacteria Cleansed water is disinfected back to streamwater quality and is released back into the rivers, lakes

7. What’s the Difference? Sewage Treatment Plant The stuff that gets flushed down your toilet. Similar to a wastewater treatment plant, but with more screens and filtering. When it is all finished, it also gets pumped back into the rivers and lakes.

8. Overview

9. Step 1: Coagulation Gentle mixing of the water and treatment chemicals. This causes the impurities and particles to form larger floc particles.

10. Floc Clumps of bacteria and impurities that have come together to form a solid mass that can be filtered out.

11. Step 2 - Sedimentation These floc particles get increasingly larger and eventually settle out of the water in large sedimentation basins.

12. Step 3 - Filtration After sedimentation, the clarified water is passed through filters to remove particles of dirt, algae, and harmful bacteria and parasites.

13. Filters Filters can be made from sand, gravel, coal, or granular activated carbon. We will be making a filter tube.

14. Step 4 – Chemical Disinfection Disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites are destroyed by disinfection. Chlorine is typically used for disinfection purposes. New disinfection technologies may also use ultraviolet light and ozone.

15. Overview Water Treatment Overview, featuring Splash

16. Pre Lab Questions 1. What are some various sources of water pollution? 2. What are some major sources of nitrate pollution?