1. MEP PROVISIONS HIGH RISE COMMERICAL BUILDING- GREEN APPROACH
Engineer Fahad Hasan
Yousuf Hasan Associates
Consulting Engineers

2. High rise Commercial Building
Energy plays a vital role in the development and economic progress of a country. Around 40% of total energy produced is consumed by buildings. In a typical commercial building annually around 30% energy is consumed by the HVAC systems. The typical efficiency of thermal power plant is around 30%. It means that rest of 70% exhaust to the atmosphere in the form of heat.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

3. High rise Commercial Building
Imagine yourself in the most fabulous building in the world. Now take away the lighting, heating and ventilation, the lifts and escalators, acoustics, plumbing, power supply and energy management systems, the security and safety systems...and you are left with a hot, dark, uninhabitable shell.
Everything inside a building which makes it safe and comfortable to be in comes under the title of 'Building services'. A building must do what it was designed to do - not just provide shelter but also be an environment where people can live, work and achieve.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

4. High rise Commercial Building
Building services are what makes a building come to life. They include:
energy supply - gas , electricity and renewable sources
heating and ventilating
water , drainage and plumbing
daylighting and artificial lighting
escalators and lifts
ventilation and refrigeration
harnessing solar, wind and biomass energy
communications, telephones and IT networks
security and alarm systems
fire detection and protection
air conditioning and refrigeration
facade engineering
In every place that you see these services...building services engineers have designed, installed and maintain them in working order.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

5. High rise Commercial Building
 A design that is green/sustainable is a design that minimizes the negative human impacts on the natural surroundings, materials, resources and processes that prevail in nature. It is not necessarily a concept that denies the need for any human impact. Rather, it endorses the belief that human kind can exist, multiply, build, and prosper in accord with nature and the earth’s natural processes without inflicting irreversible damages to those processes and the long term habitability of the planet.
The difference between a green and sustainable design is the degree to which the design helps to maintain ecological balance. Some characteristics of green design have no impact in terms of maintaining ecological balance, including indoor environmental quality (IEQ), an important element of green design. Many design characteristics, such as reduced energy usage and pollution, do have positive long-term effect.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

6. High rise Commercial Building
 A green/sustainable building design is one that achieves high performance, over the full life cycle in the following areas:
Minimizing natural resources consumption through more efficient utilization of nonrenewable natural resources, land, water and construction materials, including utilization of renewable energy resources to achieve net zero energy consumption.
Minimizing emission that negatively impact our indoor environment and the atmosphere of our planet, especially those related to indoor air quality (IAQ), greenhouse gases, global warming, particulates, or acid rain.
Minimizing discharge of solid waste and liquid effluents, including demolition and occupant waste, sewer, and storm water and the associated infrastrucre required to accommodate removal.
Minimal negative impacts on site ecosystems.
Maximum quality of indoor environment, including air quality, thermal regime, illumination, acoustics/noise, and visual aspects to provide comfortable human physiological perceptions.
While the sustainability is “ providing for the needs of the present without detracting from the ability to fulfill the needs of the future”.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

7. High rise Commercial Building
Green projects require more than a project team with good intentions, they require commitment from the owner, early documentation of sustainable/green goals documented by the Owner’s Project Requirement (OPR) document, and the designers documented basis of design. The most successful projects incorporating green design are ones with dedicated, proactive owners who are willing to examine the entire spectrum of ownership.
Green buildings inevitably extends beyond the concerns of HVAC&R designers alone, since the very concept places an emphasis on integrated design of mechanical, electrical, architectural and other systems.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

8. High rise Commercial Building
 Some of the high rise buildings in Pakistan
Ocean Tower 28 floors
MCB Tower 29 floors
Dolmen City 23 floors
Habib Bank 22 floors
Some of the high rise buildings under construction
Icon Tower 62 floors
Lucky One 30 floors
EFU tower 18 floors
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

9. MEP Provisions in High rise
In a building construction program MEP execution came into at a very advanced stage and last till the final handing over of the building to user.
At the early phases of construction planners and structural engineers require input from MEP engineers to keep the provisions for the selected MEP system in the buildings.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

10. MEP System Selection
Common requirements of high rise and low rise buildings
Environment
Power & Communication Network
Plumbing Utilities
Fire Alarm and Fire Fighting System
Earthling system and security
Specific requirements of high rise buildings
Means of egress (fire escape)
Vertical transportation and garbage chutes
Utilities distribution and management of MEP services
Equipment placement and provisions for future maintenance and replacement
Lightening protection
External façade illumination
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

11. Common Requirements Environment
Environment
Temperature, Humidity, Air motion, Air purity or quality, Air changes per hour, air and water velocity requirements, local climate, space pressure requirements, capacity requirements, redundancy, spatial requirements, security concerns, first cost , operating cost, maintenance cost, reliability, flexibility, life cycle analysis, sustainability of design, acoustics and vibration, mold and dew prevention.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

12. Common Requirements Power and Communication Network
Power and Communication Network
Commercial buildings are normally multi user in nature where requirement varies from user to user
Sufficient provisions has to be kept not only to cater the estimated power requirements but also for the future modifications and additions.
Communications network must be open protocol.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

13. Common Requirements Plumbing
Water Supply distribution booster system v/s gravity based tank supply. Provisions of pressure reducers and Isolation valves
Filling arrangement for overhead tank, provision of buffer tank at intermediate floor.
Balcony/trace drain, roof drains
Drainage risers to be located strategically with access for regular maintenance
Transfer floor v/s drainage offset
Centralized drinking water system
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

14. Common Requirements Fire Fighting & Alarm System
Fire zoning and compartments
Sprinkler system with zone control valves
Fire hose cabinets for occupants
Dry Risers/Fire hose cabinets for fire fighters
Centralized Fire Alarm system in fire rated conduits
Gas based fire fighting system for protection of big ticket equipment
NFPA/BS Codes must be followed
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

15. Common Requirements Earthling System
System earthling network to be provided at each locations
Body earthling for central equipment
NEC/BS codes must be followed
Security
CCTV
electronic access to various areas to be provided
Parking management system
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

16. Specific Requirements
Means of Egress (fire escape)
Fire safety code analysis to be conducted
Fire compartments to be defined in the light of fire safety code analysis
Fire escapes to be provided with proper markings
Helipad/buffer zones to be provided
Fire escape routes must be pressurized and have fire rated walls and doors
Smoke extract system to be provided
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

17. Specific Requirements
Vertical Transportation
Traffic study is essential to define the quantity, capacity and speed of lifts
Staircases to be provided for inter-floor frequent movement to be provided
Separate lifts for cargo and food transportation to be provided
Garbage chute
Sufficient number and size of garbage chute to be provided
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

18. Specific Requirements
Utilities network and management for MEP
Sufficient head room is very important in high rise buildings to install the ducting, piping, cable tray, lighting etc.
Sufficient number and size of shafts to be provided for vertical distribution of services
The vertical shaft size for services in high-rise building is fairly larger than low rise building as it is not only to install the service at once but provision for regular maintenance has to be to kept
Toilet blocks preferably be in stack arrangement
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

19. Specific Requirements
Equipment Rooms
It is a good strategy to keep the equipment rooms for HVAC equipment, data rooms, electrical rooms at the central location as it reduces the head room requirements and provide evenly distribution of services.
Passage for the equipment movement from outside to the plant room must be considered at initial stage. Provision for future removal and regular maintenance to be provided
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

20. Specific Requirements
Lightening protection to be provided as per NEC/British Standards
Façade lighting to be provided as per the elevation design by the architects
Aircraft warning lights are must in all the authorities
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

21. Additional Goals Additional goals
In addition to primary goal of providing the desired environment, the design engineer should be aware of and account for other goals the owner may require. These goals may include the following:
Supporting a process, such as operation of computer equipment
Promoting a germ free environment
Increase sales
Increasing net rental income
Increasing property salability
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

22. System Constraints
Once the goal criteria and additional goal options are listed, many constraints must be determined and documented. These constraints many include the following:
Performance limitations
Available capacity
Available space
Available utility sources
Available infrastructure
Building architecture
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

23. Constructability constraints
MEP system issues should be taken into account before the project reaches the construction document phase. Some of these constraints many significantly affect the success of the design and cannot be overlooked in the design phase. Some issues and concerns associated with constructability are as follows:
Existing conditions
Maintaining existing building occupancy and operation
Construction budget
Construction schedule
Ability to phase HVAC system installation
Equipment availability (i.e. delivery lead times)
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

24. Constructability constraints
Cooling loads often contribute to constraints, narrowing the choice to systems that fit in available space and are compatible with building architecture. By establishing the capacity requirement, equipment sizes can be determined, and the choice may be narrowed to those systems that work well on projects within a size range.
No matter how efficiently a particular system operates or how economical it is to install, it can only be considered if it (1) maintains the desired building space environment within an acceptable tolerance under all conditions and occupant activities and (2) physically fits into on or adjacent to the building without being objectionable.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

25. Sustainability
Sustainable energy consumption can be compromised and long term project success can be lost if building operators are not trained to efficiently and effectively operate and maintain the building systems.
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,

26. Thank you Q&A
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates,