1. Work Group on System Integration Michael Barnes North Jersey District Water Supply Commission Bruce Kiselica US Environmental Protection Agency – Region 2

2. Question 1 What are the water system vulnerabilities to intentional contamination? Raw, storage, transmission, distribution Simple event – big problems On-site items Explosions key facilities Backflow issues Public vision of risk = 0 Timing of responses, existing distribution operations, flushing, and valve operation Coliform rule revisions 

3. Question 2 What are the “target” contaminants? Will depend on EWS goals Move R&D to prioritized needs Critical dose, availibility, Tiered approach Background levels Surrogates and exist tech. Site specific issues Bio, chem-high, rads-low 

4. Question 3 What are the objectives of an early warning monitoring program? For large watershed system, data share,communication events, notification for first responders. Max/reaction time,mission statements, resources, threat assessment Limit consequenses of event. Identify WQ changes,pressure drops. WQ change intergrate with other info, internal/external. eliminate false positives Final determinations action taken 

5. Question 4 What should be considered in setting “alarm levels”? Establish baseline Protocols-ind stds, not yet Auto sample after alarm Triggers, sampler sensitivity, fate and transport. Chain of command, be careful! Std operation of sensor Need to intergrate sensor results. Limitation of sensors – pretreatment needed? Redundancy Based on system size and entry points Complex systems require complex response 

6. Question 5 Monitoring results – how do you Interpret, use and report/communicate? Or “so what”? Baseline, seasonal, rainfall events, day/night, need expert systems, models checking past records Expert systems, not off the shelf, with customization and $$ maybe. Tie to public health response, alarms set too high/low Communicate-last step. Will need more info than just an “alarm”. Schools, hospitals, links with wtp’s and doh’s Need to use tiered approach. Confirmation of alarm and consultations with doh and others. 

7. For more info, questions, etc……. Contact:  Kiselica.Bruce@epa.govKiselica.Bruce@epa.gov  212-637-3879