1. Water Security: Progress to Date and Future Trends U.S. Conference of Mayors – Urban Water Summit September 30, 2005 Ken Thompson, CH2M HILL Jay West, Sandia National Laboratories U.S. Conference of Mayors – Urban Water Summit September 30, 2005 Ken Thompson, CH2M HILL Jay West, Sandia National Laboratories

2. Why Are We Talking About Water System Security? Pakistani Accused in Power Plant Plot in Miami Jail March 26, 2002 12:47 pm EST MIAMI (Reuters) - A Pakistani man identified in a published report as a suspect in a plot to blow up power plants and other sites in south Florida was being held on Tuesday for deportation, a U.S. immigration official said. Pakistani Accused in Power Plant Plot in Miami Jail March 26, 2002 12:47 pm EST MIAMI (Reuters) - A Pakistani man identified in a published report as a suspect in a plot to blow up power plants and other sites in south Florida was being held on Tuesday for deportation, a U.S. immigration official said.

3. HR 3448 Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Response Act of 2001 Concerted Effort to Improve Security for the Drinking Water Industry 107TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. R. 3448 AN ACT To improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled

4. Water Industry Completing Vulnerability Assessments and Enhancing Response Plans December 31, 2002 — utilities serving over 100,000 people (100% Completed) June 30, 2003 — utilities serving between 50,000 to 100,000 people (100% Completed) December 31, 2003 — utilities serving between 3,300 to 50,000 people (95% Completed)

5. General Trends in Water System Security* Security is an increasingly important issue Moving into implementation of improvements for existing infrastructure Implementing “Low Hanging Fruit” to provide immediate improvements in security Security is an increasingly important issue Moving into implementation of improvements for existing infrastructure Implementing “Low Hanging Fruit” to provide immediate improvements in security * Based upon a review of over 2000 water utility vulnerability assessments

6. Security Upgrades Compete for Limited Available Funds Security improvement design and construction costs compete with other needed improvements Funds for operations and maintenance tap existing operating funds Security improvement design, re-design, and construction can use bond and grant $$ Security improvement design and construction costs compete with other needed improvements Funds for operations and maintenance tap existing operating funds Security improvement design, re-design, and construction can use bond and grant $$

7. Security Improvements Must be Sustainable for Long-Term Effectiveness Direct connection between designing for life-cycle costing and improved sustainability –Balancing capital expenditures with annual operating costs to provide cost-effective solutions –Understanding cost-benefit of improvements and prioritizing needs Direct connection between designing for life-cycle costing and improved sustainability –Balancing capital expenditures with annual operating costs to provide cost-effective solutions –Understanding cost-benefit of improvements and prioritizing needs

8. Vulnerability Assessment Findings Water systems cannot effectively detect or stop a terrorist attack Protection of limited number of critical facilities may be the most cost-effective option Early detection and response planning is an effective approach to mitigate impacts from malevolent acts Distribution system is most vulnerable area of water systems Water systems cannot effectively detect or stop a terrorist attack Protection of limited number of critical facilities may be the most cost-effective option Early detection and response planning is an effective approach to mitigate impacts from malevolent acts Distribution system is most vulnerable area of water systems

9. Protection of Critical Facilities Key to Maintaining Water Services

10. Emergency Response Planning Key to Mitigating Consequences Emergency Response Plan Vulnerability Assessment 1.Incorporate results of the assessment 2.Identify actions, procedures, and equipment to lessen the effect of a terrorist attack or intentional action against a utility

11. Fire Hydrants Water Meters Storage Tanks Pump Stations Distribution System: Most Vulnerable Portion of the Water System Distribution System Security

12. Contaminant Response Planning Response Plan * * Water System W.Q. Model & GIS Data Laboratory Data Operations & Maintenance Customer Complaints Healthcare Information Monitoring Station Water Contaminant Warning System