1. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The Alignment Measurement for The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Detector Accelerator center of IHEP Luo tao 2010.9.12 The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment

2. Content Content1.Introduction2.Simulation 3.The alignment measurement with GPS 4.The data processing 5.Analysis6.Conclusion

3. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment Introduction of the Alignment Measurement The distance between neutrino detector and Daya bay reactor is measured in this survey. The distance between neutrino detector and Daya bay reactor is measured in this survey. In this picture, the line is the outside control network for GPS survey

4. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment Simulation (1) Simulation (1) The simulation is based on Monte Carlo method. The simulation is based on Monte Carlo method. There are two control points for tunnel entrance, six control points for the Daya bay reactor and one used for transferring in this GPS control network shown in fig.1. There are two control points for tunnel entrance, six control points for the Daya bay reactor and one used for transferring in this GPS control network shown in fig.1. The red ellipses represent the error circles after simulation such as shown in fig.2. The red ellipses represent the error circles after simulation such as shown in fig.2. 1 2

5. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment Simulation (2) Simulation (2) The detail results for correcting value and error ellipse (unit: mm) The detail results for correcting value and error ellipse (unit: mm) Name MX MY MP E F Name MX MY MP E F M5 3.76 3.96 5.46 4.01 3.7 M5 3.76 3.96 5.46 4.01 3.7 M9 4.59 4.70 6.57 4.78 4.5 M9 4.59 4.70 6.57 4.78 4.5 P1 3.63 3.79 5.25 3.94 3.46 P1 3.63 3.79 5.25 3.94 3.46 P2 4.27 3.84 5.74 4.37 3.73 P2 4.27 3.84 5.74 4.37 3.73 P3 4.68 4.71 6.64 4.87 4.52 P3 4.68 4.71 6.64 4.87 4.52 P4 4.9 4.87 6.91 4.91 4.87 P4 4.9 4.87 6.91 4.91 4.87 P5 5.07 5.23 7.29 5.24 5.07 P5 5.07 5.23 7.29 5.24 5.07 P6 5.17 5.31 7.41 5.36 5.12 P6 5.17 5.31 7.41 5.36 5.12

6. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The GPS receiver is used in this simulation. Rang precision is 5mm+2ppm, angle precision is 1.6 sec The GPS receiver is used in this simulation. Rang precision is 5mm+2ppm, angle precision is 1.6 sec Conclusion: high precision can be achieved through this scheme, superior to 10 mm Conclusion: high precision can be achieved through this scheme, superior to 10 mm Simulation (3) Simulation (3)

7. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The GPS survey experiment under the high voltage wire (220 KV) has shown that it could be feasible. etc The GPS survey experiment under the high voltage wire (220 KV) has shown that it could be feasible. etc The Alignment Measurement with GPS (1) The Alignment Measurement with GPS (1)

8. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment There are some compared baselines measured by both GPS receivers and total-stations under the high voltage wire as well as others (launch tower, near building) There are some compared baselines measured by both GPS receivers and total-stations under the high voltage wire as well as others (launch tower, near building) Small difference has been discovered after comparison between both method, measurements with GPS receivers are not effected. Small difference has been discovered after comparison between both method, measurements with GPS receivers are not effected. The distance between GPS receivers and building depends on the heights of building (e.g. 5 meters away from 20-meter-high building, almost 15 degree ’ s altitude angle) The distance between GPS receivers and building depends on the heights of building (e.g. 5 meters away from 20-meter-high building, almost 15 degree ’ s altitude angle) The alignment measurement with GPS (2) The alignment measurement with GPS (2)

9. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment 4 GPS receivers are applied in this alignment, Topcon and Sokkia 4 GPS receivers are applied in this alignment, Topcon and Sokkia Every tunnel entrance and two reactor core has 4 GPS control points, and 4 extra control points are only used to transfer. Every tunnel entrance and two reactor core has 4 GPS control points, and 4 extra control points are only used to transfer. The 2-hour observations have been done at tunnel entrance, as well as reactor core. Then the others is totally 4-hours. The 2-hour observations have been done at tunnel entrance, as well as reactor core. Then the others is totally 4-hours. The Alignment Measurement with GPS (3) The Alignment Measurement with GPS (3)

10. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The GPS observation shown in fig.1.2, and the measurement scheme shown in fig.3 The GPS observation shown in fig.1.2, and the measurement scheme shown in fig.3 The alignment measurement with GPS (4) The alignment measurement with GPS (4) 31 2

11. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The data preprocessing The data preprocessing The GPS measurement is based on its antenna phase center, and could be transferred to the marked points or the forced centering observation stand by slant height or vertical height which is measured like fig.1.2. The GPS measurement is based on its antenna phase center, and could be transferred to the marked points or the forced centering observation stand by slant height or vertical height which is measured like fig.1.2. The Data Processing (1) The Data Processing (1) 12

12. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The GPS baseline calculation The GPS baseline calculation The GPS baseline is a 3-D coordinate difference every two GPS receivers by difference measuring such as fig.1 The GPS baseline is a 3-D coordinate difference every two GPS receivers by difference measuring such as fig.1 There are several kinds of difference measuring like fig.2 There are several kinds of difference measuring like fig.2 The Data Processing (2) The Data Processing (2) 1 2

13. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The statistical results for GPS baseline calculation The statistical results for GPS baseline calculation The RMS (root mean square) is a entire precision index like formula.2, “ f ” is a number for redundant observations. The RMS (root mean square) is a entire precision index like formula.2, “ f ” is a number for redundant observations. The RATIO is a ratio with the minimum RMS and weak minimal RMS, and should be more than 1. The RATIO is a ratio with the minimum RMS and weak minimal RMS, and should be more than 1. The reference variable should be 1 when the adjusted data is consistent with site observations. The reference variable should be 1 when the adjusted data is consistent with site observations. ratio Reference variable RMS The best 1.70.5340.002 The poorest 116.47.5360.009 average18.15.80.004 Standard deviation 26.02.40.0045 The Data Processing (3) The Data Processing (3) 1 2

14. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The error of closure The error of closure The GPS loop includes the simultaneous loop and the asynchronous loop. The GPS loop includes the simultaneous loop and the asynchronous loop. The simultaneous loop composes of GPS baseline measured at the same time, and asynchronous loop is not all measured. The simultaneous loop composes of GPS baseline measured at the same time, and asynchronous loop is not all measured. It is important for asynchronous loop closure to check the GPS observation error, setting point error and etc. It is important for asynchronous loop closure to check the GPS observation error, setting point error and etc. The Data Processing (4) The Data Processing (4)

15. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The statistical results for GPS closure error The statistical results for GPS closure error The Data Processing (5) The Data Processing (5) Unit: mm horizontalvertical The best 0. 1 -1.11 The poorest 4.689 average1.83-1.49 Standard deviation 1.265.38

16. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The unrestrained adjustment The unrestrained adjustment This adjustment can just decide the geometry of GPS control network, and should not change its scale and azimuth. This adjustment can just decide the geometry of GPS control network, and should not change its scale and azimuth. It only depends on the GPS baseline for that GPS control network precision It only depends on the GPS baseline for that GPS control network precision The Data Processing (6) The Data Processing (6)

17. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The constraint adjustment The constraint adjustment The known data should be introduced into this constraint adjustment after unrestrained adjustment. So the data could change the GPS control network ’ s scale and azimuth as it is enough The known data should be introduced into this constraint adjustment after unrestrained adjustment. So the data could change the GPS control network ’ s scale and azimuth as it is enough Firstly the fundamental known data could determine the network in WGS84 (World Geodesic System). Then the control network should be transferred to on the Geoid by precise triangle levelling results. Firstly the fundamental known data could determine the network in WGS84 (World Geodesic System). Then the control network should be transferred to on the Geoid by precise triangle levelling results. The Data Processing (7) The Data Processing (7)

18. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The statistical results for adjustment in the WGS 84 The statistical results for adjustment in the WGS 84 The Data Processing (8) The Data Processing (8) Unit: mm BLH The best 0.680.660.343 The poorest 2.032.318.23 average0.990.996.93 Standard deviation 1.051.067.75

19. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The precise triangle levelling measurement The precise triangle levelling measurement It ’ s feasible and valuable to replace the first order levelling by precise triangle levelling surveying shown as fig.1. It ’ s feasible and valuable to replace the first order levelling by precise triangle levelling surveying shown as fig.1. It ’ s measured like formula.1, It ’ s measured like formula.1, “ R ” - the average earth radius, “ R ” - the average earth radius, “ k ” - the atmospheric dioptre, “ k ” - the atmospheric dioptre, “ p ” - the spherical aberration correction, “ p ” - the spherical aberration correction, “ r ” - the atmospheric dioptre correction. “ r ” - the atmospheric dioptre correction. The Data Processing (9) The Data Processing (9) 1 1

20. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The value ’ s effect of ‘ p ’ and ‘ r ’ could almost be offset by reciprocal observation at the same time. The value ’ s effect of ‘ p ’ and ‘ r ’ could almost be offset by reciprocal observation at the same time. The following is some experimental contrasting results between precise triangle levelling and geometric levelling shown as table in addition. The following is some experimental contrasting results between precise triangle levelling and geometric levelling shown as table in addition. The value with ‘ * ’ means the average length of closing graphic. The value with ‘ * ’ means the average length of closing graphic. The Data Processing (10) The Data Processing (10) Section (unit: m) Baseline ’ s length The height for precise triangle levelling The height for geometric levelling The height for geometric levellingdifference SG004-SG002131-6.119418-6.118565-0.000853 SG002-DG0011905.2616035.262460.000857 SG002-TM02148921.657421.65977-0.002368 TM021-CZ002*84814.502114.503110.00101

21. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The black line is constraint condition with precise triangle levelling height, the red line will be used to check the results that have been transferred on to the Geoid. The black line is constraint condition with precise triangle levelling height, the red line will be used to check the results that have been transferred on to the Geoid. The Data Processing (11) The Data Processing (11)

22. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment The GPS network is transferred by the black lines. The red line will check it and the results is shown as below. The GPS network is transferred by the black lines. The red line will check it and the results is shown as below. The distal GPS network ’ s precision is better than 10mm The distal GPS network ’ s precision is better than 10mm The Data Processing (12) The Data Processing (12) Section (unit: m) Baseline ’ s length The GPS height on the Geoid The height for geometric levelling The height for geometric levellingdifference SG004-SG002131-6.10868-6.1185650.009885 DG001-TM02130016.407116.3990220.008078 TM021-CZ002*84814.502114.50311-0.00101

23. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment 1. The GPS data processing has a good precision. 1. The GPS data processing has a good precision. 3-D precision: mm 3-D precision: mm 2. The results of precise triangle levelling is close to the geometric levelling, so it may replace the first order levelling as the conditions are enough. 2. The results of precise triangle levelling is close to the geometric levelling, so it may replace the first order levelling as the conditions are enough. 3. The GPS coordinate in WGS84 could be transferred on to the Geoid by the precise triangle levelling, and this transferred results is better than 10mm. 3. The GPS coordinate in WGS84 could be transferred on to the Geoid by the precise triangle levelling, and this transferred results is better than 10mm. The Analysis The Analysis

24. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment 1. The precision of GPS control network in the Daya Bay reactor neutrino ’ s alignment is better than 10mm in 3-D coordinate system (almost plane: 1mm height: 7mm). 1. The precision of GPS control network in the Daya Bay reactor neutrino ’ s alignment is better than 10mm in 3-D coordinate system (almost plane: 1mm height: 7mm). 2. The precise triangle levelling is good enough to substitute for the first order levelling as that conditions are enough 2. The precise triangle levelling is good enough to substitute for the first order levelling as that conditions are enough 3. The data in WGS84 could be transferred on to the Geoid by height from precise triangle levelling. 3. The data in WGS84 could be transferred on to the Geoid by height from precise triangle levelling. The Conclusion (1) The Conclusion (1)

25. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment Proposals on the alignment Proposals on the alignment 1. The 3-D distance could be calculated by both the same coordinate system and analysis method. 1. The 3-D distance could be calculated by both the same coordinate system and analysis method. 2. The precise triangle levelling experiment are enough to get a comprehensive results comparing with the geometric levelling. 2. The precise triangle levelling experiment are enough to get a comprehensive results comparing with the geometric levelling. 3. This conditions which should transfer it on to the Geoid could expand to large area. 3. This conditions which should transfer it on to the Geoid could expand to large area. The Conclusion (2) The Conclusion (2)

26. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment Thanks Thanks