1. Preparing Papers & Speeches Lectures answer the questions. Now it is your time to answer the questions!

2. Approaching papers & presentations with confidence You can approach speeches and papers in the same fashion: Choosing a topic Researching the important aspects of the topics Organizing thoughts around a central idea (Thesis) Presenting the information (paper or speech)

3. Choosing a topic Take reasonable risk Chose a topic that is challenging and scholarly, but not over your head! Thesis Identity the major questions (Thesis) that the paper/speech will answer Super recap This is called Super recap question

4. Choosing a topic Identify more than one possible super recap question Create a CC web chart to compare/contrast the topics of the various possible super recap questions on: Scope: narrow vs. broad Academic importance Personal familiarity/interest Information availability Topic fit to requirements

5. Ask questions that will be answered in your presentation Organize the questions in a outline format Are they reflection Are they recap Use a Skeleton Key diagram to visualize the questions: For/Against Analysis Time-line Cause/Effect Given/Find

6. Do research to find the answers Use Compare/Contrast web chart (CC web chart) and the skeleton key diagram to organize the information that you find to answer your questions.

7. Very important research considerations Validity! Is the information valid? Who is responsible for the information? How old is the information? What evidence supports this info?

8. Very important research considerations Plagiarism! Be sure to put all paraphrased ideas IN YOUR OWN WORDS! Be sure to reference all ideas that belong to someone else! When in doubt, site it! Don’t know how to site it, Just Ask!

9. Why site it It was not your idea You did not do the research to clam the idea as your own. Using someone else’s ideas makes your ideas stronger. If you don’t site it you can and will be liable to not only to the statement but the misrepresentation of it.

10. The topic sentence Take a Recap question or Reflection question and write a sentence from it Use this sentence as the sentence that the paragraph answers Organize the answer to the question as the body of the paragraph

11. Supporting the Information Take the info that you’ve collected and organized in a CC web harts and SKDs and use it as supporting information for the topic sentence Be sure that all info in the paragraph related to topic sentence

12. Concluding sentences Transition concluding sentences lead to the next paragraph OR summary concluding sentences summarize the paragraph

13. Edit and proof papers Evaluate each and every sentence in paper Do NOT just use spell-check and grammar-check! Correct typos before handing in

14. Preparing to give oral presentations Being will-prepared with the content and well-rehearsed for the presentation will eliminate most if not all nervousness.

15. Organize the paper of speech Prepare body paragraphs Write the topic sentence Support the topic sentence with body information Write the final sentence

16. Prepare the introduction State the thesis Grab the attention of the audience

17. Prepare the conclusion Re-state the thesis Summarize the questions asked and answered Proof read and edit (for papers) Rehearse and choose a style (for speech)

18. See book