1. Water Quality Completing Lab 8

2. Reminder - What’s Due for Lab 8 Full Lab Report (One per Group) (a)Title & Abstract start with catchy title and list of authors Abstract - concise summary of the project (<250 words) write this last (b)Introduction (what you did and why) & Background What question are you trying to answer? What do you hope to learn? Why is this work important (significance) Include a map of the area (even a basic sketch map to show the sites would be useful)

3. Reminder - What’s Due for Lab 8 (c)Methods (description of how you did the experiment) Describe how you did the study – be thorough (include what did not work) Explain enough so that people could repeat your research (d) Results (your data – what you found out) – including tables and graphs of data Tables/Graphs to Include:  Table summarizing all of the data collected at the stream sites (and the stream discharge calculated below). (One per group)  Carefully drawn profile of the section of stream your team measured. Be sure to include all of the component of a figure, including figure number, title, scale, key (if required). Above the sketch of the stream include a graph (draw to the same scale as the stream) showing water velocity. (One per person)  Any other Tables or graphs you think help illustrate your data Discuss all the data collected by the class

4. Reminder - What’s Due for Lab 8 (e) Results (your data – what you found out) – including tables and graphs of data Tables/Graphs to Include:  Table summarizing all of the data collected at the stream sites (and the stream discharge calculated below). (One per group)  Carefully drawn profile of the section of stream your team measured. Be sure to include all of the component of a figure, including figure number, title, scale, key (if required). Above the sketch of the stream include a graph (draw to the same scale as the stream) showing water velocity. (One per person)  Any other Tables or graphs you think help illustrate your data

5. Calculating Stream Discharge Remember, stream discharge is the volume of water flowing downstream per unit of time (usually seconds). It can be approximated* by multiplying: Stream width (m) x Average stream depth (m) x Average velocity (m/s) Make sure that all your units are in meters (not cm)! Example: 1.5 m x 0.3 m x 2.5 m/s = 1.1 m 3 /s *An accurate measurement would require the use of calculus to determine the true area of the stream channel. Note sig figs! Expect your number to be small.

6. Stream Profile Graph Include all the components of a figure/graph Include velocity and depth on the same chart OK to list depth as a (-) value to get the graph to look this way

7. Reminder - What’s Due for Lab 8 (e) Discussion (what your results mean) Explain the results – trends, patterns, predictions from your data Use the “ Questions ” provided in this section Compare data from different days and from upstream vs downstream Future studies? - What still needs to be done? (f) References (your sources) (g) Appendix Raw data sheets What each team member contributed As a general guideline, your report should be between 4-6 double-spaced, typed pages (not including figures and tables). Team members should compile all the written parts of the report into one file and format them the same, so that the report is consistently formatted throughout.

8. Questions to Think About: 1.What factors affect the velocity of the water at the site you measured? 2.Calculate the discharge at each of the locations. First, use the average depth of the stream to calculate the cross-sectional area of the stream, where Cross Sectional Area(A) = Width(W) x Depth(D). (For bonus credit, use calculus to determine the true cross sectional area of the stream.) To get discharge, multiple the cross sectional area (A) you calculated above times the average velocity (V). 3.Based on the look of the stream channel, do you think the discharge you calculated is average, above average or below average? Explain how you determine this. 4.How do these sites compare with examples in your readings for each of the variables (pH, DO, etc.) measured (i.e., are your measurements higher than average or lower than average)? 5.If any of the measured values seem high or low, explain what may be causing these variations from the norm. (Think about the conditions of the stream.) 6.How do the physical and chemical properties differ between the sites we sampled? How do they differ between Sample A (water retention pond in Issaquah) and Sample B (Soap Lake in Easter Washington) that we observed in the lab. Explain and differences. 7.Are these sites healthy (could they support a healthy ecosystem)? Explain your answer. 8.If an environmental group was trying to reintroduce salmon to these streams, what recommendations would you make to improve water quality for salmon before reintroduction? 9.A full study of these streams would involve sampling throughout the year. Explain why discharge, percent oxygen saturation, and nitrate levels may change throughout the year. Do you think the values we measured for these variables was high or low compared with summer values? 10.What does all this mean for the City of Bellevue?

9. Class Data 1 Numbers in red appear to be outliers and may be related to problems with sensors/probes. I’d suggest that looking at averages and standard deviations the entire data set AND for each day and location may help understand how the sights are similar or different.

10. Class Data 2 I do not have discharge data from all the groups. If we do not meet on Wednesday, please email me this information and I will post it. If we are not able to collect and share this info, use your discharge value only.

11. Due by 12:30 PM Monday, December 4th (in L200) Don’t let your team down!