1. Distinguish between an element and a compound. Both are (homogeneous) pure substances. Elements can’t be broken down into simpler Substances. (made up of only one type of atom) Compounds can be broken into elements. (made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion)

2. Compare/contrast mixtures and compounds Compounds have a constant (fixed) composition, mixtures do not. Each substance in a mixture retains its own properties, whereas the properties of a compound are different from those of the elements that comprise it. Compounds are homogeneous, mixtures can also be heterogeneous.

3. What separates the periodic table? (i.e what are the two major divisions) Metals / non-metals Name seven metalloids (semi-metals): B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

4. Give the names of seven diatomic elements, then identify: (a) the solid diatomic nonmetal and (b) the liquid diatomic nonmetal. Br 2, liquid (l) Diatomic elements exist as molecules of two atoms: H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2 gases(g) I 2, solid (s)

5. Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform – all parts are the same throughout. (Solution) A heterogeneous mixture has separate (distinct)“phases” or parts.

6. Classify each material as an element, compound, or mixture. air oxygen sodium chloride wine Mixture Compound Element

7. Classify each material as an element, compound, or mixture. paint salt copper beer Mixture Compound Element

8. Distinguish between chemical and physical properties. Physical properties are the traits of substance that can be observed without altering it. Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts.

9. Distinguish between an extensive and an intensive physical property. Extensive property – a physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present. Intensive property – a physical property that remains the same no matter how much (independent)of a substance is present.

10. Physical changes are changes in the physical properties; the substance remains the same chemically. What is the fundamental difference between a chemical change and a physical change? Chemical changes result in a new chemical substance with different properties.

11. A. formation of a snowflake B. freezing ice cream C. boiling water D. churning cream to make butter E. boiling an egg F. souring milk Classify the following as being primarily a physical or chemical change. physical chemical

12. A. lighting a candle B. stirring cake batter C. dissolving sugar in water D. decomposition of limestone E. leaf turning yellow F. formation of bubbles in water chemical physical Classify the following as being primarily a physical or a chemical change.

13. 1. Create a table that describes the three common states of matter in terms of their shape, volume, and compressibility. SolidLiquidGas ShapeDefiniteTakes container shape (indefinite) Takes shape of container (indefinite) VolumeDefinite Fills volume of container (indefinite) CompressibilityIncompressibleVirtually incompressible Compressible

14. = Melting point = Boiling point Solid Liquid Gas Freezing point Condensation point Soluble vs. insoluble

15. How do you distinguish the law of definite proportions from the law of multiple proportions? VOVO2V2O3 V2O5 Individually - illustrate law of definite proportions Collectively - illustrate law of multiple proportions