1. *Spanish-American War, 1898 *American Expansionism
U.S. Imperialism Era
*Spanish-American War, 1898
*American Expansionism
Power Point created by Robert L. Martinez Primary Content Sources: The Americans (McDougal Little)
& Mastering The Grade 11 Taks Social Studies Assessment (Killoran, Zimmer, Jarrett).

2. Spanish-American War, 1898
"Cuban volunteers in their barracks. Many of these were cigar makers at Tampa. "The "Army of the Cuban Republic" was made up from 40 Cubans from Jacksonville, 200 from New York, and 150 from Key West. They set sail on the Florida to join the rebels on May 21st.

3. The Spanish-American War marked a major turning point in U. S
The Spanish-American War marked a major turning point in U.S. foreign relations. At the conflicts conclusion, America would emerge as a world empire.
American troops in Havana, Cuba.

4. In 1895, Cuban workers rebelled against Spain, seeking their independence. A Spanish army was sent to Cuba to crush the rebellion with brutal force. Several factors led to U.S. intervention in the conflict.
Spanish Frigate “Vizcaya”

5. SPANISH TROOPS MARCHING THROUGH SAN JUAN,
THE CAPITAL OF PUERTO RICO (a Spanish possession.)

6. Many Americans felt they had a moral obligation to help the Cuban people in their struggle for independence from Spain.
America’s Founding Fathers signing the
Declaration of Independence from Great Britain.

7. Reasons for War: Cuban Independence, U. S
Reasons for War: Cuban Independence, U.S. military and economic interests in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, and the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine.

8. Publishers like William Heart and Joseph Pulitzer sensationalized news events to sell newspapers. Their newspapers deliberately distorted the news from Cuba with exaggerated stories of atrocities.
William Randolph Hearst

9. Yellow
Journalism
Illustrations such as the one on the right was printed to elicit anger from American readers.
Front Page “Hearst” newspaper illustration:
“Male Spanish officials strip search an American woman
tourist in Cuba looking for messages from rebels.”

10. De Lome Letter
The Spanish ambassador called President McKinley “weak” in a private letter that was published in the press. De Lome’s letter angered Americans against Spain.
President McKinley
De Lome

11. As a result and because the American government sought to protect American investments (example: sugar & rum) in Cuba, and to block any interruption of U.S. trade with Cuba……
Cuban Sugar Industry

12. “Remember the Maine”
On January 25, The U.S.S. Maine enters Havana harbor (An American Battleship).
This was a show of force to the Spanish.

13. The battleship U.S.S Maine was mysteriously blown up in Havana on February 15, The press blamed the explosion on Spanish sabotage, enraging American public opinion.

14. USS Maine
On February 15, a tremendous explosion rocked the battleship.
More than 260 sailors died form the blast.

15. An official navy investigation began immediately, but the Journal and other newspapers immediately blamed Spain.
Hearst’s paper published articles under such headlines as “The Maine Was Destroyed by Treachery” and “The Whole Country Thrills with War Fever.”

16. The report did not suggest who was responsible.
In March, the navy issued its report on the sinking of the Maine. Though the evidence was sketchy, navy investigators concluded that the explosion was caused by an underwater mine.
The report did not suggest who was responsible.

17. In 1976, navy researchers who studied the incident concluded that heat from a fire in a coal bin exploded a nearby supply of ammunition.

18. In 1898, President William McKinley, finding it difficult to resist the public outcry after the destruction of the U.S.S Maine, asks Congress for a declaration of war against Spain. On April 20th, the United States declares war.
President McKinley

20. The Spanish-American War begins in the Philippines on May 1st, 1898 where American forces quickly overcame the Spanish navy at the Battle of Manila led by George Dewey.

21. In the Caribbean, hostilities began with a naval blockade of Cuba
In the Caribbean, hostilities began with a naval blockade of Cuba. The Spanish fleet is effectively sealed up in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba.

22. The Spanish fleet tries to escape the American blockade at Santiago harbor. A naval battle ensues, and the Spanish fleet is destroyed.

23. Attempted Escape of Spanish Fleet

24. In June 1898, American forces landed in Cuba
In June 1898, American forces landed in Cuba. American forces begin to converge on the port city of Santiago. The army consisted of 17,000 soldiers, including four African-American regiments (called Buffalo soldiers) of regular army and the volunteer Rough Riders, a cavalry unit. The key to capturing the city of Santiago was controlling the high grounds of San Juan Hill.

25. On the way to secure San Juan Hill, a bloody and dramatic charge took place on nearby Kettle Hill. Without direct orders, Teddy Roosevelt, the Rough Riders, and two African-American regiments led by John Pershing attacked and took Kettle Hill.

26. The battle of San Juan Hill is the bloodiest and most popular of all battles during the Spanish-American war.

27. Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

28. “Speak softly and carry a big stick. You will go far.”
- Teddy Roosevelt

29. Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
conducting regimental drills in San Antonio, Texas,
prior to fighting the Spanish in Cuba.

30. Rough Riders in San Antonio

31. Rough Rider Reunion 1902, San Antonio, Texas
At the 1902 reunion in San Antonio, the Rough Rider veterans
agreed to purchase an artificial leg for Private Charles Buckholdt,
who had lost his leg in a fight.

32. Rough Riders charging up San Juan Hill

33. Consequences of San Juan Hill
The victory of San Juan Hill boasts morale and pride of the American people.
Spain loses control of its possessions in the Caribbean.
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders emerge as national heroes.
San Juan Hill catapults Roosevelt’s political career.

34. As a result of the war, the United States acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Puerto Rico in the Caribbean
Philippines in the
Pacific
Guam in the Pacific

35. Political Cartoon: American Imperialism
The cartoon displays Uncle Sam showing off in front of other world powers, while balancing the “primitives” of its newly acquired territories. ..Notice the racial tone and
arrogance of the political cartoon.

36. The U.S. insisted that Cuba add to its new Constitution, the Platt Amendment, commanding Cuba to stay out of debt and giving U.S. the right to intervene in the country and the right to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling stations.

37. Guantánamo Bay Naval Base at the southeastern end of Cuba has been used by the United States Navy for more than a century, and is the oldest overseas U.S. Navy Base and the only one in a country with which the United States does not have diplomatic relations.

38. After the brief war, the United States emerges from the war in possession of an overseas empire.
Presidential Campaign Poster for Mckinley-Roosevelt

39. National Hero
After the war with Spain, Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of New York and then later won the vice-presidency.

40. STOP HERE!
STOP HERE!