1. Do Now 11/19/14 What is Shamanism? Explain the beliefs.

2. Do Now 11/19/14  Shamanism- belief that certain people could communicate with spirits  Known as shamans  Mostly women  Carried out rituals-songs, dances, and chants to convince spirits to help people  People believed shamans could cure illnesses

3. Clear Targets  Compare the major features of Shinto, Japan’s indigenous religion, and Japanese Buddhism  Examine the Japanese nation during the Nara period

4. CHAPTER 9 LESSON 2 EARLY JAPAN Mrs. Stoll 7 th Grade Social Studies

5. Geography & Settlement  Japan lies to the east of Korea and China  Japan is an archipelago- chain of islands  Because of mountains only a small amount of Japan’s land can be farmed  Many Japanese built villages along the coast and fished  Japan was isolated-separated- from the rest of Asia  As a result, Japan developed a independent civilization

6. Map of Japan

7. The First Settlers  First settlers probably arrived from northeastern Asia around 20,000 years ago  About 300 B.C. a group of people, the Yayoi (YAH- yoy) brought farming to Japan  By A.D. 300 Yayoi had organized into clans  Each clan was headed by a warrior chief who protected the people

8. The First Settlers  The Yayoi were also skilled metalworkers, made pottery, and grew rice.  Bronze bell created by the Yayoi

9. The Yamato  During the A.D. 500s a clan called the Yamato ruled most of Japan  Yamato chiefs claimed to be descended from a sun goddess who sent her grandson to rule over the people of Japan  According to legend a Yamato leader named Jimmu was the great-grandson of this goddess  Jimmu took the title “emperor of heaven” and became the first emperor of Japan

10. Shinto: Way of the Spirits  Early Japanese believed in animism- belief that humans, animals, plants, rocks, and rivers all have their own spirits  People believed they could call on the kami or the nature spirits for help  To show respect Japanese worshipped at holy places  These beliefs developed into a religion called Shinto

11. Shinto: Way of the Spirits  Shinto means “way of the spirits”  It has contributed to the Japanese love of nature; simplicity, cleanliness, and good manners  Shinto later became linked to Japan’s rulers  Their duties included taking part in Shinto rituals to ensure the well-being of Japan

12. The Otaku Shrine (Shinto Shrine)

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjHhFgvq_c o&index=94&list=PL8LHC5iLKDgNGaiwLxahrPo D1jEvrJ2vx Visiting a Shinto Shrine

14. Prince Shotoku  About A.D. 600 a Yamato prince name Shotoku ruled Japan on behalf of his aunt  He wanted to give Japan a strong, well-organized government, so Shotoku created a constitution; or plan of government  The emperor was an all-powerful rule and the Japanese were expected to obey him  Specific rules in the constitution based on the ideas of Confucius, stated how they should perform their duties

15. Prince Shotoku  Shotoku admired Chinese civilization and wanted the Japanese to learn from it  Officials and students studied Buddhism, as well as Chinese art, philosophy, and medicine  After Shotoku’s death, officials continued to use China as a model for Japan

16. Prince Shotoku  In A.D. 646, the Yamato began the Taika, or Great Change  Japan was divided into districts ruled by officials who reported to the emperor  All farmland was placed under the emperor’s control  Clan leaders could oversee the farmer’s work, but government officials now collected taxes  Taika reforms created Japan’s first strong government

17. The Nara Period  In early A.D. 700s, Japanese emperors built a new capital city called Nara  During this period, the Japanese emperors ranked government officials into a hierarchy  They did not use examinations to hire officials  The emperor gave positions to nobles from powerful families  In return for their service these officials received large farms

18. The Nara Period  The emperor’s control of the land gave him great power  Buddhist teachings had reached Japan from Korea in the A.D. 500s  During the Nara period Buddhism was powerful in Japan  In A.D. 770 a Buddhist monk tried to seize the throne  Disturbed by the incident the emperor decided to leave Nara for a new capital

19. Todaiji temple- a Buddhist temple

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hle43IAxF6s &index=1&list=PL4pu0lQKMr73JHrSl3714EZy3 9PqESg4F Todaiji Temple

21. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  Title paper: Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  Answer questions #1-5 on page 223  Include textual evidence

22. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  How does a constitution benefit society?

23. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  How does a constitution benefit society?  Offers a standard set of rules by which everyone in the country must live

24. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  Why was early society in Japan isolated?

25. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  Why was early society in Japan isolated?  Japan is composed of islands and was therefore largely isolated from other nations, like China and Korea

26. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  How did animism affect people’s views about nature?

27. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  How did animism affect people’s views about nature?  Early Japanese believed all things in nature are alive  If humans, animals, plants, rocks, and rivers had their own spirits they would gain importance and merit greater respect

28. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  What was Prince Shotoku’s main reform in government?

29. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  What was Prince Shotoku’s main reform in government?  He wrote Japan’s first constitution, or plan of government  Made the emperor an all-powerful ruler and forced all of the people to obey him

30. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  How did the Japanese way of hiring officials differ from the Chinese during the Nara period?

31. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Review  How did the Japanese way of hiring officials differ from the Chinese during the Nara period?  The Chinese used a system of examinations (civil service examinations) to hire government officials  In Japan, officials were appointed by the emperor and mostly came from wealthy noble families

32. Reflection: Shinto Narrative Choose an object that can be found in nature, such as an animal, flower, or specific kind of leaf. Write a fictional short story about the first time your nature spirit was called upon to help someone.  Who called for help  How did they call for help  What was the problem  How did your nature spirit help; or was your nature spirit able to help