1. CST Review

2. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
In the sentence “The process of burning wood liberates heat,” what does the word liberates mean?
A. steals
B. releases
C. creates
D. imitates

3. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
In the sentence “The process of burning wood liberates heat,” what does the word liberates mean?
A. steals
B. releases
C. creates
D. imitates

4. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
In the sentence “Ash is formed by the chemical reaction between wood and fire,” what does the term chemical reaction mean?
A. a process that changes the molecular composition of a substance
B. a process of igniting something, burning it, and recording the results
C. a process that affects the appearance but not the molecular structure
D. a process of using chemicals to break down molecular structures

5. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
In the sentence “Ash is formed by the chemical reaction between wood and fire,” what does the term chemical reaction mean?
A. a process that changes the molecular composition of a substance
B. a process of igniting something, burning it, and recording the results
C. a process that affects the appearance but not the molecular structure
D. a process of using chemicals to break down molecular structures

6. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
In the sentence “Density is a physical property,” what does the term physical mean?
A. having to do with chemicals
B. having to do with volume
C. having to do with the body
D. having to do with matter

7. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
In the sentence “Density is a physical property,” what does the term physical mean?
A. having to do with chemicals
B. having to do with volume
C. having to do with the body
D. having to do with matter

8. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
5. Which physical property of an object can be determined by dividing its mass by its volume?
A. weight
B. density
C. ductility
D. state

9. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
5. Which physical property of an object can be determined by dividing its mass by its volume?
A. weight
B. density
C. ductility
D. state

10. 6. What is the volume of the solid pictured below?
Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
6. What is the volume of the solid pictured below?
A. 12 cm2
B. 12 cm3
C. 36 cm2
D. 36 cm3

11. 6. What is the volume of the solid pictured below?
Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
6. What is the volume of the solid pictured below?
A. 12 cm2
B. 12 cm3
C. 36 cm2
D. 36 cm3

12. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
7. Which of the following is a chemical property that describes copper?
A. conductive
B. ductile
C. soluble
D. reactive

13. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
7. Which of the following is a chemical property that describes copper?
A. conductive
B. ductile
C. soluble
D. reactive

14. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
8. Which of the following describes signs that a chemical change is occurring?
A. A substance changes shape or state.
B. A substance gives off or absorbs heat.
C. A substance is dense and malleable.
D. A substance is flammable and reactive.

15. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
8. Which of the following describes signs that a chemical change is occurring?
A. A substance changes shape or state.
B. A substance gives off or absorbs heat.
C. A substance is dense and malleable.
D. A substance is flammable and reactive.

16. Use the table below to answer the next question.
Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
Use the table below to answer the next question.

17. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
9. A solid sample has a mass of 22.5 g and displaces 30 mL of water. Use the table above to determine which sentence best describes the solid sample.
A. It is denser than mercury.
B. It is less dense than water.
C. It is less dense than helium.
D. It is denser than zinc.

18. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
9. A solid sample has a mass of 22.5 g and displaces 30 mL of water. Use the table above to determine which sentence best describes the solid sample.
A. It is denser than mercury.
B. It is less dense than water.
C. It is less dense than helium.
D. It is denser than zinc.

19. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
10. Substances can undergo physical changes or chemical changes. What is the difference between these two kinds of changes?
A. A chemical change can often be undone, and a physical change cannot.
B. A physical change cannot be observed easily, and a chemical change can.
C. A chemical change affects only the physical properties of a substance. A physical change
D. A physical change does not affect the identity of a substance. A chemical change changes the molecular structure of a substance.

20. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
10. Substances can undergo physical changes or chemical changes. What is the difference between these two kinds of changes?
A. A chemical change can often be undone, and a physical change cannot.
B. A physical change cannot be observed easily, and a chemical change can.
C. A chemical change affects only the physical properties of a substance. A physical change
D. A physical change does not affect the identity of a substance. A chemical change changes the molecular structure of a substance.

21. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
11. Which physical property can you use to determine if a substance will float in water?
A. density
B. volume
C. malleability
D. conductivity

22. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
11. Which physical property can you use to determine if a substance will float in water?
A. density
B. volume
C. malleability
D. conductivity

23. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
12. What properties do the metals aluminum, copper, silver, and gold have in common?
A. They conduct heat and electricity well.
B. They are brittle and do not bend easily.
C. They do not chemically react.
D. They are liquid at room temperature.

24. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
12. What properties do the metals aluminum, copper, silver, and gold have in common?
A. They conduct heat and electricity well.
B. They are brittle and do not bend easily.
C. They do not chemically react.
D. They are liquid at room temperature.

25. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
13. A student pours a material through a filter. Some particles get caught in the filter and some pass through. This material can be best described as a
A. nonmetal.
B. mixture.
C. metal.
D. compound.

26. Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
13. A student pours a material through a filter. Some particles get caught in the filter and some pass through. This material can be best described as a
A. nonmetal.
B. mixture.
C. metal.
D. compound.

27. 14. Which of the following sentences best describes table salt, NaCl?
Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
14. Which of the following sentences best describes table salt, NaCl?
A. Table salt is a compound made from two gases.
B. Table salt is a compound made from a solid and a liquid.
C. Table salt is a compound made from two metals.
D. Table salt is a compound made from a metal and a nonmetal.

28. 14. Which of the following sentences best describes table salt, NaCl?
Chapter 3
Standards Assessment
14. Which of the following sentences best describes table salt, NaCl?
A. Table salt is a compound made from two gases.
B. Table salt is a compound made from a solid and a liquid.
C. Table salt is a compound made from two metals.
D. Table salt is a compound made from a metal and a nonmetal.

29. 15. An element is made up of Chapter 3 A. two kinds of atoms.
Standards Assessment
15. An element is made up of
A. two kinds of atoms.
B. one kind of molecule.
C. one kind of atom.
D. two kinds of molecules.

30. 15. An element is made up of Chapter 3 A. two kinds of atoms.
Standards Assessment
15. An element is made up of
A. two kinds of atoms.
B. one kind of molecule.
C. one kind of atom.
D. two kinds of molecules.

31. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
5. What is the unit that astronomers use to measure the distances between Earth and stars called?
A. apparent magnitude
B. absolute magnitude
C. light-year
D. parallax

32. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
5. What is the unit that astronomers use to measure the distances between Earth and stars called?
A. apparent magnitude
B. absolute magnitude
C. light-year
D. parallax

33. 6. Which of the following stars has the coolest temperature?
Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
6. Which of the following stars has the coolest temperature?
A. a blue-white star
B. a yellow star
C. a yellow-white star
D. an orange star

34. 6. Which of the following stars has the coolest temperature?
Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
6. Which of the following stars has the coolest temperature?
A. a blue-white star
B. a yellow star
C. a yellow-white star
D. an orange star

35. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
7. What do scientists learn by studying the pattern of lines in a star’s absorption spectrum?
A. the brightness of the star
B. the elements of the star
C. the distance of the star from Earth
D. the size of the star

36. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
7. What do scientists learn by studying the pattern of lines in a star’s absorption spectrum?
A. the brightness of the star
B. the elements of the star
C. the distance of the star from Earth
D. the size of the star

37. 8. The picture below shows an example of
Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
8. The picture below shows an example of
A. an elliptical galaxy.
B. an irregular galaxy.
C. a supernova.
D. a spiral galaxy.

38. 8. The picture below shows an example of
Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
8. The picture below shows an example of
A. an elliptical galaxy.
B. an irregular galaxy.
C. a supernova.
D. a spiral galaxy.

39. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
10. The universe contains galaxies, stars, and planets. How does gravity affect these bodies in space?
A. Gravity pulls bodies away from each other.
B. Gravity organizes bodies into nebulas, galaxies, and planetary systems.
C. Gravity attracts bodies with similar compositions to each other.
D. Gravity causes bodies to be scattered randomly throughout the universe

40. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
10. The universe contains galaxies, stars, and planets. How does gravity affect these bodies in space?
A. Gravity pulls bodies away from each other.
B. Gravity organizes bodies into nebulas, galaxies, and planetary systems.
C. Gravity attracts bodies with similar compositions to each other.
D. Gravity causes bodies to be scattered randomly throughout the universe.

41. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
11. Which of the following particles is always found in the nucleus of an atom?
A. protons
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. positrons

42. Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
11. Which of the following particles is always found in the nucleus of an atom?
A. protons
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. positrons

43. 12. Which group in the periodic table contains helium?
Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
12. Which group in the periodic table contains helium?
A. Group 18, the noble gases
B. Group 13, the boron group
C. Group 15, the nitrogen group
D. Group 1, the alkali metals

44. 12. Which group in the periodic table contains helium?
Chapter 15
Standards Assessment
12. Which group in the periodic table contains helium?
A. Group 18, the noble gases
B. Group 13, the boron group
C. Group 15, the nitrogen group
D. Group 1, the alkali metals

45. A. easy to hear, see, or smell B. large enough to be noticed
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
1. In the sentence “Each element has distinct physical and chemical properties,” what does the word distinct mean?
A. easy to hear, see, or smell
B. large enough to be noticed
C. clearly different and separate
D. very great in degree

46. A. easy to hear, see, or smell B. large enough to be noticed
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
1. In the sentence “Each element has distinct physical and chemical properties,” what does the word distinct mean?
A. easy to hear, see, or smell
B. large enough to be noticed
C. clearly different and separate
D. very great in degree

47. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
2. Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the word structure?
A. composition
B. stability
C. function
D. combination

48. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
2. Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the word structure?
A. composition
B. stability
C. function
D. combination

49. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
5. The state of matter of a substance depends upon how the particles in that substance
A. freeze.
B. move.
C. expand.
D. shrink.

50. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
5. The state of matter of a substance depends upon how the particles in that substance
A. freeze.
B. move.
C. expand.
D. shrink.

51. A. It passes through a plasma state.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
6. A substance changes state from a liquid to a solid. Which of the following is true of that substance?
A. It passes through a plasma state.
B. It can return to a liquid state.
C. It will soon become a gas.
D. It will remain permanently solid.

52. A. It passes through a plasma state.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
6. A substance changes state from a liquid to a solid. Which of the following is true of that substance?
A. It passes through a plasma state.
B. It can return to a liquid state.
C. It will soon become a gas.
D. It will remain permanently solid.

53. Use the graph below to answer the next question.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
Use the graph below to answer the next question.

54. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
7. The graph above shows the effect of adding energy to water at sea level. When the temperature reaches 100oC, what happens to the water molecules as energy continues to be added?
A. The water molecules gain energy as the temperature continues to rise.
B. The water molecules gain no energy and the temperature stays the same.
C. The water molecules become more ordered as the state changes to gas.
D. The water molecules move farther apart as the state changes to a gas.

55. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
7. The graph above shows the effect of adding energy to water at sea level. When the temperature reaches 100oC, what happens to the water molecules as energy continues to be added?
A. The water molecules gain energy as the temperature continues to rise.
B. The water molecules gain no energy and the temperature stays the same.
C. The water molecules become more ordered as the state changes to gas.
D. The water molecules move farther apart as the state changes to a gas.

56. A. They are closely locked into position and can only vibrate.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
8. Which of the following statements best describes the particles contained in a glass of milk?
A. They are closely locked into position and can only vibrate.
B. They are loosely connected and can slide past each other.
C. They have broken apart.
D. They move about freely.

57. A. They are closely locked into position and can only vibrate.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
8. Which of the following statements best describes the particles contained in a glass of milk?
A. They are closely locked into position and can only vibrate.
B. They are loosely connected and can slide past each other.
C. They have broken apart.
D. They move about freely.

58. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
9. Which of the following sentences best describes the process that occurs when liquid water becomes ice?
A. Energy is added to the water, so its molecules move more slowly.
B. Energy is added to the water, so its molecules move more quickly.
C. Energy is removed from the water, so its molecules lock into place.
D. Energy is removed from the water, so its molecules move apart.

59. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
9. Which of the following sentences best describes the process that occurs when liquid water becomes ice?
A. Energy is added to the water, so its molecules move more slowly.
B. Energy is added to the water, so its molecules move more quickly.
C. Energy is removed from the water, so its molecules lock into place.
D. Energy is removed from the water, so its molecules move apart.

60. 10. A change in the state of matter always includes
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
10. A change in the state of matter always includes
A. a loss of energy.
B. a gain of energy.
C. a change in the chemical properties of a substance.
D. a change in the physical form of a substance.

61. 10. A change in the state of matter always includes
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
10. A change in the state of matter always includes
A. a loss of energy.
B. a gain of energy.
C. a change in the chemical properties of a substance.
D. a change in the physical form of a substance.

62. A. Plasmas conduct electric currents.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
11. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe. How are plasmas different from gases?
A. Plasmas conduct electric currents.
B. Plasmas have a definite shape.
C. Plasmas have a definite volume.
D. Plasmas are unaffected by magnetism.

63. A. Plasmas conduct electric currents.
Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
11. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe. How are plasmas different from gases?
A. Plasmas conduct electric currents.
B. Plasmas have a definite shape.
C. Plasmas have a definite volume.
D. Plasmas are unaffected by magnetism.

64. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
13. The molecules in an unknown substance collide with and slide past each other. They are moving quickly enough that the substance’s vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. How would you classify the unknown substance?
A. It is a gas at its condensation point.
B. It is a liquid at its boiling point.
C. It is a solid at its melting point.
D. It is a liquid at its freezing point.

65. Chapter 4
Standards Assessment
13. The molecules in an unknown substance collide with and slide past each other. They are moving quickly enough that the substance’s vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. How would you classify the unknown substance?
A. It is a gas at its condensation point.
B. It is a liquid at its boiling point.
C. It is a solid at its melting point.
D. It is a liquid at its freezing point.

66. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
Use the diagrams below to answer the next question. The diagrams represent the distribution of substances in four samples.

67. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
11. In the illustrations above, A and B are elements, and <AB> is a compound of elements A and B. Which illustration represents a solution of A and B?
A. Sample 1
B. Sample 2
C. Sample 3
D. Sample 4

68. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
11. In the illustrations above, A and B are elements, and <AB> is a compound of elements A and B. Which illustration represents a solution of A and B?
A. Sample 1
B. Sample 2
C. Sample 3
D. Sample 4

69. Use the table below to answer the next question.
Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
Use the table below to answer the next question.

70. 8. Which two substances in the table above are most likely the same?
Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
8. Which two substances in the table above are most likely the same?
A. substances A and C
B. substances B and D
C. substances C and D
D. substances A and D

71. 8. Which two substances in the table above are most likely the same?
Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
8. Which two substances in the table above are most likely the same?
A. substances A and C
B. substances B and D
C. substances C and D
D. substances A and D

72. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
6. Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances are
A. elements.
B. ions.
C. bonds.
D. electrons.

73. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
6. Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances are
A. elements.
B. ions.
C. bonds.
D. electrons.

74. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
7. Imagine that you were asked to classify four samples of equal and known volume, each of which was made up of a single element. Which factor would be most useful for identifying them?
A. mass
B. shape
C. hardness
D. original source

75. Chapter 5
Standards Assessment
7. Imagine that you were asked to classify four samples of equal and known volume, each of which was made up of a single element. Which factor would be most useful for identifying them?
A. mass
B. shape
C. hardness
D. original source