1. Enhanced A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Third Edition

2. Chapter 1 How Computers Work

3. 1 You Will Learn… n About the functions performed by different hardware components of a microcomputer n About the three kinds of software and how they relate to one another and to hardware n How the CPU uses primary and secondary storage to manage software

4. 1 Hardware and Software n Hardware Physical components of the computer  Monitor  Keyboard  Memory chips  Hard drive n Software Set of instructions that directs the hardware to accomplish a task

5. 1 Chauffer Analogy

6. 1 Functions of Hardware

7. 1 Binary Number System

8. 1 Hardware n Central processing unit Most important hardware device Receives input and sends output Stores data and instructions; performs calculations n Requirements of hardware devices Method for CPU to communicate with the device Software to instruct and control the device Electricity to power the device

9. 1 Hardware Used for Input and Output n Ports Physical connectors that allow a cable from a peripheral device to be attached n Input devices Keyboard Mouse n Output devices Monitor Printer

10. 1 Ports

11. 1 Input Devices

12. 1 Output Devices

13. 1 Hardware Inside the Computer Case n System board n Permanent storage Floppy drive Hard drive CD-ROM drive n Power supply n Circuit boards CMOS (most CPUs) TTL n Cables

14. 1 Hardware Inside the Computer Case

15. 1 CMOS Chips n Require less electricity n Hold data longer after electricity is turned off n Are slower n Produce less heat

16. 1 The System Board n Largest and most important circuit board n Contains the CPU

17. 1 The System Board

18. 1 Major Components of System Boards n For processing CPU Chip set that supports CPU by controlling many system board activities n For temporary storage RAM Cache memory continued

19. 1 Major Components of System Boards n Allow CPU to communicate with other devices BUS Expansion slots n Firmware and setup information Flash BIOS memory chip CMOS configuration chip n Electrical system Power supply connections

20. 1 Components Used Primarily for Processing n CPU or microprocessor Executes most computer processes n Chip set Relieves CPU of some processing Provides careful timing of activities to increase overall speed n Coprocessor Supports and enhances function of some older CPUs (pre-1995)

21. 1 The CPU

22. 1 Temporary (Primary) Storage Devices n Used by the CPU to process data and instructions n Provided by RAM (random access memory devices) SIMMS (single inline memory modules) DIMMS (dual inline memory modules) n Cache memory

23. 1 SIMMS and DIMMS

24. 1 Cache Memory n For new CPUs Stored inside CPU housing on a memory chip that sits close to the CPU microchip n For older CPUs Stored on the system board either in individual chips or on memory modules called COAST (cache on a stick)

25. 1 Cache Memory

26. 1 Permanent (Secondary) Storage Devices n Remote to the CPU n Permanently hold data, even when PC is turned off n Most popular devices: Hard disks Floppy disks Zip drives CD-ROMs

27. 1 Hard Drives