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Enhanced A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Third Edition
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Chapter 1 How Computers Work
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1 You Will Learn… n About the functions performed by different hardware components of a microcomputer n About the three kinds of software and how they relate to one another and to hardware n How the CPU uses primary and secondary storage to manage software
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1 Hardware and Software n Hardware Physical components of the computer Monitor Keyboard Memory chips Hard drive n Software Set of instructions that directs the hardware to accomplish a task
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1 Chauffer Analogy
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1 Functions of Hardware
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1 Binary Number System
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1 Hardware n Central processing unit Most important hardware device Receives input and sends output Stores data and instructions; performs calculations n Requirements of hardware devices Method for CPU to communicate with the device Software to instruct and control the device Electricity to power the device
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1 Hardware Used for Input and Output n Ports Physical connectors that allow a cable from a peripheral device to be attached n Input devices Keyboard Mouse n Output devices Monitor Printer
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1 Ports
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1 Input Devices
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1 Output Devices
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1 Hardware Inside the Computer Case n System board n Permanent storage Floppy drive Hard drive CD-ROM drive n Power supply n Circuit boards CMOS (most CPUs) TTL n Cables
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1 Hardware Inside the Computer Case
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1 CMOS Chips n Require less electricity n Hold data longer after electricity is turned off n Are slower n Produce less heat
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1 The System Board n Largest and most important circuit board n Contains the CPU
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1 The System Board
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1 Major Components of System Boards n For processing CPU Chip set that supports CPU by controlling many system board activities n For temporary storage RAM Cache memory continued
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1 Major Components of System Boards n Allow CPU to communicate with other devices BUS Expansion slots n Firmware and setup information Flash BIOS memory chip CMOS configuration chip n Electrical system Power supply connections
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1 Components Used Primarily for Processing n CPU or microprocessor Executes most computer processes n Chip set Relieves CPU of some processing Provides careful timing of activities to increase overall speed n Coprocessor Supports and enhances function of some older CPUs (pre-1995)
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1 The CPU
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1 Temporary (Primary) Storage Devices n Used by the CPU to process data and instructions n Provided by RAM (random access memory devices) SIMMS (single inline memory modules) DIMMS (dual inline memory modules) n Cache memory
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1 SIMMS and DIMMS
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1 Cache Memory n For new CPUs Stored inside CPU housing on a memory chip that sits close to the CPU microchip n For older CPUs Stored on the system board either in individual chips or on memory modules called COAST (cache on a stick)
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1 Cache Memory
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1 Permanent (Secondary) Storage Devices n Remote to the CPU n Permanently hold data, even when PC is turned off n Most popular devices: Hard disks Floppy disks Zip drives CD-ROMs
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1 Hard Drives
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