1. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government1 COPYRIGHT版權 陳志冲 Simon Chan 署理高級律師 Ag Senior Solicitor 知識產權署 Intellectual Property Department 20.3.2007

2. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government2 範圍 Scope 甚麼是版權？ What are copyrights? 在不侵犯他人的版權的情況下，可作出甚麼 行為？ What can you do without infringing others’ copyrights? 侵犯他人的版權會帶來甚麼後果？ What are the consequences of copyrights infringement?

3. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government3 大綱 Outline (1) 引言 Introduction (2) 版權作品 Copyright Works (3) 侵權行為 Infringing Acts (4) 法定允許行為 Statutory Permitted Acts (5) 民事及刑事責任 Civil and Criminal Liabilities (6) 互聯網上的知識產權 Intellectual Property on the Internet

4. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government4 (1) 引言 Introduction

5. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government5 基本法 Basic Law 第 139 及 140 條 Articles 139 and 149 香港特行政區自行制定政策，以法律保 護知識產權 Hong Kong SAR should on its own develop appropriate policies and afford legal protect for intellectual property rights

6. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government6 知識產權的主要類別 Major types of Intellectual Property 知識產權 Intellectual Property 版權 Copyright 商標 Trademark 外觀設計 Designs 專利 Patent

7. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government7 版權的本質 Nature of Copyright 無形資產 Intangible property 保障表達形式，並非意念 Protects form of expression, Not ideas

8. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government8 (2) 版權作品 Copyright Works

9. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government9 版權作品 ( 一 ) Copyright Works (1) 版權作品 Copyright works 評述 Remarks 1. 原創文學作品 Original literary works 任何寫出、講出或唱出的作品，包括電腦程式 Any work which is written, spoken or sung, including computer program 2. 原創戲劇作品 Original dramatic works 包括舞蹈作品或默劇作品 Including works of dance or mime 3. 原創藝術作品 Original artistic works 包括相片、雕塑品、建築作品及美術工藝作品 Including photographs, sculptures, works of architecture and works of artistic craftsmanship 4. 原創音樂作品 Original musical works 由音樂構成的作品，但不包括隨音樂唱出或講出的 文字 It means a work consisting of music, excluding words sung or spoken with the music

10. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government10 版權作品 ( 二 ) Copyright Works (2) 版權作品 Copyright works 評述 Remarks 5. 聲音紀錄 Sound recordings 包括文學作品、戲劇作品或音樂作品的聲音紀錄 Including sound recordings of a literary, dramatic or musical work 6. 影片 Films 記錄在任何媒體上的紀錄，而活動影像可藉任何方 法自該紀錄產生 It means a recording on any medium from which a moving image may by any means be produced. 7. 廣播 Broadcasts 藉無線電訊傳送 Transmission by wireless telegraphy 8. 有線傳播節目 Cable programmes 任何在有線傳播節目服務內的項目 Any item included in a cable programme service

11. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government11 版權作品的有效期 Period of Protection for Copyright Works Copyright Works 版權作品 Period of Protection 有效期 1. 原創文學作品 Original literary works 2. 原創戲劇作品 Original dramatic works 3. 原創藝術作品 Original artistic works 4. 原創音樂作品 Original musical works 在生之年 + 50 年 Life of author + 50 years 1. 聲音紀錄 Sound recordings 2. 影片 Films 3. 廣播 Broadcasts 4. 有線傳播節目 Cable programmes 製作後 50 年 50 years after work is made

12. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government12 受版權所限制的作為 ( 一 ) Restricted Acts (1) 包括 Include ︰ 複製 To copy the work 向公眾發放複製品 To issue copies of the work to the public 將電腦程式或聲音紀錄的複製品租予公眾 To rent copies of a computer program or sound recording to the public

13. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government13 受版權所限制的作為 ( 二 ) Restricted Acts (2) 向公眾提供複製品（例如透過互聯網） To make available copies of the work to the public (e.g. via Internet) 公開表演、放映或播放 To perform, show or play the work in public 廣播或以有線傳播 To broadcast the work or include it in a cable programme service 製作改編本 To make an adaptation of the work

14. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government14 (3) 侵權行為 Infringing Acts

15. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government15 直接侵權 Primary Infringement 任何人未獲作品的版權擁有人的特許，而自 行或授權他人作出任何受版權所限制的行為 Copyright in a work is infringed by a person who without the licence of the copyright owner does, or authorizes another to do, any of the acts restricted by the copyright

16. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government16 間接侵權 Secondary infringement 協助及促進侵權行為 Assisting and facilitating copyright infringement 在知情下 With knowledge

17. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government17 何謂複製 ? What is copying ? 不只限 “ 複製文本 ” Not limited to “hard copies” 包括電子方法貯存 Includes storage by electronic means – 傳真、掃描、下載至硬磁碟、列印 fax, scan, download to hard disk, print 包括手抄 includes copying by hand

18. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government18 複製多少才算侵權 ? When will copying constitute infringement ? 整項作品或實質部份 Whole or substantial part 質與量 Quality & quantity 沒有規定的比例 No prescribed %

19. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government19 (4) 法定允許行為 Statutory Permitted Acts

20. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government20 法定允許行為 ( 一 ) Statutory Permitted Acts (1) 必須符合以下條件︰ The following conditions must be complied with : (a) 基本考慮因素 Primary consideration  沒有抵觸版權人正常利用作品及亦不損害 其合法權益 Does not conflict with normal exploitation of work nor prejudice legitimate interest of copyright owner

21. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government21 法定允許行為 ( 二 ) Statutory Permitted Acts (2) (b) 特定目的 Specific Purposes  研究及私人研習 Research and private study  批評、評論 Criticism, Review  附帶地包括版權材料 Incidental inclusion of copyright material  教育 Education  圖書館、公共行政 Libraries, Public Administration

22. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government22 特定目的︰研究及私人研習 Specific Purpose : Research & private Study 研究者或學生公平處理 Fair dealing by researcher or students 是否公平就須考慮 Whether any dealing is fair depends on – 處理的目的 purpose of dealing – 作品的性質 nature of work – 處理的量與質 quantity and quality dealt with

23. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government23 特定目的︰教育 ( 一 ) Specific Purpose : Education (1) 為教學目的 For purposes of instruction – 老師或學生在教學或教學準備過程中複製 Copying by teachers or students in the course of instructions or of preparation for instruction – 在合理範圍內 To a reasonable extent – 不能作機印 Not by reprographic means

24. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government24 特定目的︰教育 ( 二 ) Specific Purpose : Education (2) 為考試目的 For purposes of examination – 擬出試題或解答試題 Setting of questions or answering of questions – 容許複印程序 Reprographic process allowed

25. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government25 特定目的︰教育 ( 三 ) Specific Purpose : Education (3) 為教育機構內的表演 For performance in education establishments - 觀眾 - 學生、教師、與活動有關連人士 Audience - pupils, teachers, persons connected with activities - 在教育機構的活動過程中由教師或學生表演 Performed by a teacher or pupil in the course of the activities of the establishment - 為教學的目的，在教育機構中由任何人表演 Performed by any person at the establishment for the purposes of instruction

26. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government26 特定目的︰教育 ( 四 ) Specific Purpose : Education (4) 為教育機構內進行放映 For the playing of work in educational establishments - 在教育機構中放映聲音紀錄、影片 、廣播、有線傳 播節目 Playing of sound recording, film, broadcast, cable programmes at the educational establishment - 為教學目的 For purposes of instruction - 觀眾 - 學生、教師、與活動有關連人士 Audience - pupils, teachers, persons connected with activities

27. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government27 (5) 民事及刑事責任 Civil and Criminal Liabilities

28. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government28 民事責任及補救辦法 Civil Liability and Remedies  強制令 Injunctions  交出侵權品 Surrender of infringing copies  損害賠償 Damages

29. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government29 刑事責任 ( 一 ) Criminal Liability (1)  沒有有關版權擁有人的特許下 Without the licence of copyright owner  製作，輸入，輸出，分發，為任何貿易或業務 的目的管有 / 出要約出售或出租 Make, import, export, distribute, or possess/offer for sale on line for the purpose of, in the course of, or in connection with trade and business  侵權品，或用作或擬用作製作侵權品 Infringing copy or article used or intended to use to make infringing copies

30. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government30 刑事責任 ( 二 ) Criminal Liability (2) 免責辯護 Defence ︰ 不知道亦無理由相信有關的複製品是版權作 品的侵犯版權複製品 Did not know and had no reason to believe that the copy in question was an infringing copy of the copyright work

31. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government31 刑事責任 ( 三 ) Criminal Liability (3) 刑罰 Penalty : 1. 經營任何版權作品侵權複製品︰罰款 HK$50,000 （每件侵權物）及監禁 4 年 Dealing with infringing copies of any copyright works : fine HK$50,000 (each infringing copy) and 4 years’ imprisonment 2. 經營或管有特定為製作某版權作品的侵權複製品 而設計或改裝之物品︰罰款 HK$500,000 及監禁 8 年 Dealing with or possessing an article specifically designed or adapted for making copies of a copyright work : fine HK$500,000 and 8 years’ imprisonment

32. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government32 侵權行為 ( 互聯網 ) Copyright Infringement (Internet)  通過上載分發侵權品的刑事責任 Criminal liability for distributing infringing materials through uploading  民事責任 Civil liability

33. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government33 (6) 互聯網上的知識產權 Intellectual Property on the Internet

34. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government34 版權法 － 侵權行為 Copyright - Infringement 包括 Includes : 複製 Copying 透過互聯網向公眾提供作品的複製品 Making available of copies of the work to the public through the Internet 公開播放 Showing of work in public

35. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government35 允許的行為 Permitted acts 包括 Includes ︰ 電腦軟件 － 後備複製品 － 複製、改編作合法用途 Computer software - back-up copy - copying or adapting for lawful use 互聯網上瀏覽 －技術需要 －短暫、附帶複製品 Internet Browsing- technical requirement - transient and incidental copy

36. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government36 超連結 Hyperlink 獲取版權擁有人的同意 Obtain consent from the owner of copyright - 節錄網站的精粹 Extracting from other websites - 複製網站的商標、圖案 Copying of the trademark or logo of other websites - 授權他人作侵權行為 Authorizing others to carry out any infringing act - 另一網站包含侵權作品 Infringing items in other websites

37. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government37 域名登記 Domain Name Registrations 先到先得 First come, first serve 冒充 — 欺騙的工具 Passing off - tool of deception 侵犯商標權 Trade mark infringement

38. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government38 司法管轄權及適用法律 Jurisdiction and applicable laws 發生侵權行為之所在地 Place where infringing act is carried out 伺服器之所在地 Place where the server is 受害者之所在地 Place where the right holder is 侵權者之所在地 Place where the infringing party is

39. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government39 要點 Points to note 適用的法律不僅是香港法律 Applicable laws not restricted to laws of Hong Kong 外國興訴存在實際問題 Practical problems in conducting proceedings in a foreign jurisdiction 考慮應否選擇以互聯網為發表的媒介 Consider whether Internet should be the selected medium of publication

40. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government40 討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1) 事實︰在小冊子內引用某海外機構於互聯網上發表的 調查結果，之後並發放該些小冊子 Facts : To quote in booklets materials from research findings done by overseas organizations which were published on the Internet and subsequently distributes those booklets 法律︰侵犯版權 ? Law :Infringement of copyright ?

41. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government41 討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1) 注意 Points to note: (a) 版權條例第 37 至 88 條之有關豁免 Exemptions from liability (sections 37-88 of the Copyright Ordinance) (b) 有關網站之使用條款 Terms of use of the websites (c) 取得版權擁有人之同意 Specific consent of copyright owner

42. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government42 討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1) (a) : 版權條例第 37 至 88 條之有關豁免 Exemptions from liability (sections 37-88 of the Copyright Ordinance) - 基本考慮因素 - 第 37(3) 條 Primary consideration - section 37(3): 該項作為並不與版權擁有人對作品的正常利用有所抵觸， 以及 Not conflict with the normal exploitation of the work by copyright owner; and 該項作為並沒有不合理地損害版權擁有人的合法權益 Not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of copyright owner

43. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government43 討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1) 是否引用該調查結果的整項或實質部份 ? Whether a substantial part of the work has been taken? – 質與量 Quantity and the quality – 不能一概而論 No hard and fast rules

44. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government44 討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1) 想一想︰ 如只是引用該調查結果其中的一個段落，這會構成侵權行 為嗎 ? Think: Would there be infringement if only one paragraph from the publication was quoted? 有這樣的可能，如該段落屬該調查結果的主要部份。 May be if that paragraph was a substantial part of the work

45. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government45 討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1) (b): 有關網站之使用條款是否准許該作為 ? Is the proposed use permitted by Terms of use of the websites ? (c): 如屬其他情況，應取得版權擁有人之同意 If (a) and (b) not applicable, should obtain specific consent of the copyright owner

46. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government46 討論個案 ( 二 ) Case Study (2) 事實︰如在參考過該些調查結果之後自行撰寫有關 文章 ，而不是直接引用該些調查結果，這會 構成侵權行為嗎 ? Facts: Would there be infringement if someone wrote an article after digesting the findings, rather than quoting the materials directly? If no copying, then no infringement 若果沒有複製，便不構成侵權

47. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government47 討論個案 ( 三 ) Case Study (3) 事實︰可否使用超連結連結至發表該調查結果的網頁 ? Facts: Can you make a hyperlink to the web sites where the research findings were published? – 任何超連結應局限於該網頁的網址 Any hyperlink should be restricted to that of the home page of the website – 任何深度連結應先取得網頁管理員的同意 Any deep linking should be done upon the consent of the webmaster being sought

48. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government48 討論個案 ( 四 ) Case Study (4) 事實︰若果你超連結的網頁包含其他網頁的超連結， 並且連結至該些其他網頁的內頁而非首頁的話 Facts: What about if the website that you had hyperlinked to had also hyperlinked to other sites, but such other hyperlinkings were to pages of the websites other than the home page thereof 應查看打算超連結的網頁是否有權超連結至該些其他 網頁 Should check with the sites that you wanted to hyperlink to see whether they had the right to so hyperlink to the other sites

49. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government49 總結 Summary 合力保護版權 Joint effort in copyright protection 審慎處理版權作品 Be prudent in dealing with copyright works

50. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government50 知識產權署 Intellectual Property Department http://www.ipd.gov.hk

51. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government51 謝 謝 Thank you

52. Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government52 問答時間 Q & A Session