1. New Technology and Industrial Change Professor Bob O’Keefe Dean, Faculty of Management & Law Hong Kong University Space March 20 th 2010

2. The Gramophone Basic technology using cylinders invented by Edison in the 1870’s. Disc records invented by Berliner in the 1890’s. In 1928, RCA merged with Victor: the then largest merger in US history. RCA Victor were the Microsoft or Goggle of their time.

3. His Master’s Voice: Trademark 1900

5. The Music Supply Chain (circa 1951) Recording Warehouse Retailer Artist Pressing

6. The Music Supply Chain (circa 1965) Consumer Recording Warehouse Retailer Artist Pressing

7. The Music Value Chain (circa 1965) Recording Warehouse Retailer Artist Pressing

8. Responding to consumer “demands” Portable, Recordable Searchable Portable, Reliable, Searchable Portable, Recordable, Digital

9. The Music Supply Chain (circa 1990) Consumer Recording Warehouse Retailer Artist Pressing

10. The Digital Possibility …… Recording Warehouse Retailer Artist Pressing

11. Digital Music Required Three Technology Advances Cheap, reliable memory –Hard drives: from megabytes to giga and terra bytes –Flash (NAND) memory Standard compression algorithms –Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) –Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Near zero marginal cost consumer networking, i.e., the Internet

12. Winamp A simple, free MP3 player that drove diffusion of MP3 (over 60 million users by 2006)

13. The Music Supply Chain (circa 2010)

14. Peer to Peer Distribution: Napster

15. Spotify: Back to the Juke Box

16. Convergence