1. Thermohaline Circulation Carisa Sousa

2. Description Defining - terminology –Meridional Overturning Movement –“Overturning” - Pacific and Indian Oceans –Vertical Mixing vs Sinking? –Spreading via currents? Water Masses –T-S plots, water properties

4. Downwelling Specific zones in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans Evaporative Cooling –Increase in Salinity  Increase in Density –(Nor Sea, S.O.) Sea Ice formation –“Ice Factories” Topography – steers flow, blocks flow Pacific deep water formation? –Salinity

5. North Atlantic DSOW Denmark Strait Overflow Water; LSW, Labrador Sea Water; NEADW, Northeast Atlantic Deep Water; NADW, North Atlantic Deep Water; EGC, East Greenland Current; LC, Labrador Current; WBUC, Western Boundary Undercurrent (Hillaire-Marcel, 2001.)

6. Upwelling Vertical Mixing –Diffusion? –Advection? North Pacific and Indian Oceans –Sea level higher Southern Ocean  Ekman divergence

7. Importance Heat Transport –Gulf Stream Example Climate Regulator CO2 cycle  climate cycle

8. Climate Change Shutdown of THC –North Atlantic cooling –Unlikely Glacier Melt  Freshening Other factors: wind? Even if weakening occurs, Warming>Cooling?