1. 醫學術語
潘德樑
高雄榮總

2. 內容大綱
學習目的
醫學術語的組合
常見縮寫
病歷範例
應用實例
簡易解剖圖解 結語

3. 學習目的
醫學術語是醫護、醫療管理
相互間溝通專業語言
幫助學習者發展對醫療語言
的閱讀與了解能力
進一步應用於實務作業

4. 醫學術語的組合 字根法(Word Root) 字尾法(Suffix) 字首法(Prefix)
多重組合(Multiple combination)
聯結母音(a,e,i,o,u)

5. 字根法(Root) Cardi/o = heart 心臟 Hepat/o = liver 肝臟 Pneum/o = lung 肺臟
Nephr/o = kidney 腎臟
Ren/o = kidney 腎臟
Arthr/o = joint 關節
Cerebr/o = cerebrum 腦

6. 字根法(Root) Gastr/o = stomach 胃 Enter/o = intestine 腸 Derm/a = skin 皮膚
Psych/o = mental 精神
Hemat/o = blood 血液
Oste/o = bone 骨頭
Pancreat/o = pancreose 胰臟
Splen/o = spleen 脾臟

7. 字尾法(Suffix) Endoscopy = endo + scopy in + examination 內部 + 鏡檢(法、術)
內部 + 鏡檢(法、術)
Gastritis = gastr + itis
stomach + inflammation
胃 發炎
Nephrotomy= nephro + tomy
kidney + incision
腎 切開

8. 字尾法(Suffix) Splenomegaly = spleen + megaly spleen + enlargement
脾臟 + 腫大
Arthrodesis = arthro + desis
joint + fixation
關節 + 固定
Rhinoplasty = rhino + plasty
nose + plastic
鼻 整形術

9. 字尾法(Suffix) Cystocele = cyst + cele bladder + hernia, protrusion
膀胱 + 突出
Adenoma = aden + oma
gland + tumor
腺體 + 腫瘤
Leukemia = leuk + emia
white + blood
白血病

10. 字尾法(Suffix) Dysentery = dys + entery pain + intestine 疼痛 + 腸道(痢疾)
疼痛 + 腸道(痢疾)
Tonsillectomy = tonsil + ectomy
tonsil + excision
扁桃腺 + 切除
Pyuria = py + uria
pus + urine
膿 + 小便

11. 字首法(Prefix) Antipyretic = anti + pyretic gainst + fever 對抗 + 發燒
Antepartum = ante + partum
before + labor
在…之前 + 生產
Polyarteritis = poly + arteritis
many + arteritis
多處 + 動脈炎

12. 字首法(Prefix) Hemiplegia = hemi + plegia half + paralysis 一半 + 麻痺
Hypertension = hyper + tension
above + pressure
高 壓力(血壓)
Bradycardia = brady + cardia
slow + heart
心跳過慢

13. 字首法(Prefix) Tackycardia = tacky + cardia rapid + heart 快的 + 心臟
快的 + 心臟
Polyneuralgia = poly + neuralgia
multiple + never pain
多的 + 神經痛
Subcutaneous = sub + cutaneous
under + skin 皮下

14. 字首法(Prefix) Dysphasia = dys + phasia impairment + speech 障礙 + 言語
Dysuria = dys + uria
painful + urine
疼痛 + 小便

15. 多重組合 (Multiple combination)
electro cardi o gram
字根 字根 字尾
電 心 圖
salpingo-oophor ectomy
字根 字根 字尾
輸卵管 卵巢 切除

16. 多重組合 (Multiple combination)
gastro entero stomy
字根 字根 字尾
胃 腸 造口
Esophago gastro duodenoscopy
字根 字根 字根 字尾
食道 胃 十二指腸 鏡檢

17. 聯結母音 (Combining vowel)
Nephropathy
Cardiomegaly
Osteotomy

18. 聯結母音 (Combining vowel)
Gastrectomy
Cystitis 字尾的開頭即為母音
Hepatoma 故不需另加其他母音

19. 字尾及其組合元素實例 cele: hernia, tumor, protrusion
cystocele: hernia of the bladder
gastrocele: hernia of the stomach
Hydrocele: serous tumor of the testis

20. 字尾及其組合元素實例 emia: blood hyperglycemia: abnormally high blood sugar
itis: inflammation
gastritis: inflammation of the stomach
nephritis: inflammation of the kidney

21. 字尾及其組合元素實例 malacia: softening osteomalacia: softening of the bone
splenomalacia: softening of the spleen
pathy: disease
neuropathy: any disease of nerve
myopahty: any disease of muscle

22. 字字尾及其組合元素實例尾及其組合元素實例
centesis: puncture
thoracentesis: puncture and aspiration of the pleural cavity

23. 字尾及其組合元素實例 ectomy: excision, remove tonsillectomy: removal of tonsils
oophorectomy: removal of ovary
plasty:surgical correction, plasty repair of
hernioplasty: plasty repair of hernia
proctoplasty: surgical repair of rectum

24. 字尾及其組合元素實例 scopy: inspection, examination
bronchoscopy: examination of the bronchi with an endoscope
cystoscopy: examination of the bladder with an endoscope

25. 字尾及其組合元素實例 stomy: creation of an opening
colostomy: creation of an opening
into the colon through
the abdominal wall
gastroduodenostomy: creation of an opening between stomach and duodenum

26. 字尾及其組合元素實例 osis:increase, condition arteriosclerosis: hardening of
the arteries
lymphocytosis: increase in number
of lymph cells

27. 字尾及其組合元素實例 penia: deficiency, decrease
leukopenia: decrease of leukocytes
in the blood
angio: blood vessel
angiotomy: dissection of blood vessel

28. 字根及其組合元素實例 crani: skull craniotomy: surgical opening of skull cyt:cell
erythrocyte: red blood cell

29. 字根及其組合元素實例 derm:skin dermatitis:inflammation of skin enter: intestine
enteritis: inflammation of the intestine

30. 字根及其組合元素實例 hematemesis: vomiting of blood hematoma: a blood tumor
hyster: uterus
hysterectomy: excision of the uturus

31. 字首及其組合元素實例 ante: before antenatal: before birth epi: upon
epidermis: outer layer of the skin
hemi: half
hemiplegia: paralysis of one-half
the body

32. 字首及其組合元素實例 hyper: above, beyond, excessive
hypertension: high blood pressure
endo: within
endocarditis: inflammation of the endocardium
peri: around
pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium

33. 常 見 縮 寫 Adenocarcinoma Adenoca 腺癌 Atrial fibrillation Af 心房纖維顫動
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Adenocarcinoma Adenoca 腺癌
Atrial fibrillation Af 心房纖維顫動
Alpha-fetoprotein AFP α-胎兒蛋白
Acute glomerulonephritis AGN 急性腎絲球腎炎
Acquired immune AIDS 後天免疫缺乏症候群
deficiency syndrome

34. 常 見 縮 寫 Appendicitis APP 闌尾炎 Abdomino-perineal resection APR 腹會陰切除
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Appendicitis APP 闌尾炎
Abdomino-perineal resection APR 腹會陰切除
Adult respiratory distress ARDS 成人呼吸窘症候群
syndrome
Acute renal failure ARF 急性腎衰竭
Atrial septal defect ASD 心房中膈缺損
Atherosclerotic heart disease ASHD 粥樣硬化性心臟病

35. 常 見 縮 寫 Abdominal total hysterectomy ATH 腹式全子宮切除
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Abdominal total hysterectomy ATH 腹式全子宮切除
Aortic valve replacement AVR 主動脈瓣置換術
Arterio-venous shunt A-V shunt 動靜脈分流術
Acute pyelonephritis APN 急性腎盂腎炎
Background diabetic BDR 背景性糖尿病視網膜病變
retinopahty

36. 常 見 縮 寫 英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名 Twice a day (bis in die) b.i.d. 一天二次
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Twice a day (bis in die) b.i.d 一天二次
Bilateral BIL 雙側
Basal metabolic rate BMR 基礎代謝率
Blood pressure BP 血壓
Benign prostatic BPH 良性前列腺肥大
hyperplasia

37. 常 見 縮 寫 Bilateral pelvic lymph BPLND 雙側骨盆腔淋巴結摘除 nodes dissectiotn
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Bilateral pelvic lymph BPLND 雙側骨盆腔淋巴結摘除
nodes dissectiotn
Benign paroxysssmal BPPV 良性陣發生位置性眩暈
position vertigo
Bilateral saplingo BSO 雙側卵巢輸卵管切除
oophorectomy
Bibiary tract infection BTI 膽道感染

38. 常 見 縮 寫 Blood urea nitrogen BUN 血中尿素氮 Biopsy bx 切片 Carcinoma CA 癌症
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Blood urea nitrogen BUN 血中尿素氮
Biopsy bx 切片
Carcinoma CA 癌症
Continuous ambulatory CAPD 連續性攜帶式腹膜透析
peritoneal dialysis
Computed(axial) tomography CAT scan 電腦斷層攝影

39. 常 見 縮 寫 Common bile duct CBD 總膽管 Congenital heart disease CHD 先天性心臟病
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Common bile duct CBD 總膽管
Congenital heart disease CHD 先天性心臟病
Congestive heart failure CHF 充血性心臟衰竭
Carcinoma in situ CIS 原位癌
Chronic obstructive pulmonary COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾
disease
Chronic paranasal sinusitis CPS 慢性副鼻竇炎

40. 常 見 縮 寫 Cesarean section C/S 剖腹產 Chest x-ray CXR 胸部X光
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Cesarean section C/S 剖腹產
Chest x-ray 　 CXR 胸部X光
Cerebrovascular accident CVA 腦血管意外
Diabetes mellitus DM 糖尿病
Ear, nose, and throat ENT 耳鼻喉
End stage renal disease ESRD 末期腎疾病

41. 常 見 縮 寫 Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC 肝細胞癌 Intensive care unit ICU 加護中心
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC 肝細胞癌
Intensive care unit ICU 加護中心
Insulin dependent diabetes IDDM 胰島素依賴型糖尿病
mellitus
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI 核磁共振攝影
Nothing by mouth NPO 禁食
(nulla per os)

42. 常 見 縮 寫 Red blood cell (corpuscle) RBC 紅血球 red blood count
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Red blood cell (corpuscle) RBC 紅血球
red blood count
Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE 系統性紅斑性狼瘡
Shortness of breath SOB 呼吸短促
Tuberculosis TB 結核病
Total hip replacement THR 全髖關節置換術

43. 常 見 縮 寫 Total knee replacement TKR 全膝關節置換術
英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名
Total knee replacement TKR 全膝關節置換術
Upper respiratory tract URI 上呼吸道感染
infection
Urinary tract infection UTI 沁尿道感染
Ventricular septal defect VSD 心室中膈缺損
White blood cell; WBC 白血球
white blood count

52. 病歷範例 This 46-years-old woman was a victim
of invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast
with bone metastasis, she had received
surgery and radiotherapy due to axillary
lymph node and bone (L-spine) metastasis.
This time she was admitted for set up port –
A placement and chemotherapy

53. 病歷範例
This patient was admitted because of sudden onset of vomiting of bright red blood due to acute gastric ulcer. His hemoglobin was 7.8gm/dl, which revealed anemia due to blood loss. Areterigraphy was performed to determine the site of the bleeding, and hemostasis was achieved by transcatheter embolization

54. 病歷範例
The patient complained of chest pain and dyspnea off and on for 3 months.The diagnosis were congestive heart failure and unstable angina,the angina was treated with nitrate, and IV Lasix was administered to manage the heart failure.Both conditions improved, and the patient was discharged to be followed on an out-patient basis.

55. 病歷範例
This patient had received a below –knee amputation six years ago for gangrene of his leg due to both diabetes and arteriosclerosis. The patient had received an above-knee amputation of the stump because of further gangrene change at this admission.

56. （以Chronic renal failure 為例）
應用實例
（以Chronic renal failure 為例）

57. Essential of Diagnosis1.
1.Progressive azotemia over weeks or months
2.Isosthenuria is common
3.Hypertention in the majority
4.Bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound are
dianostic
5.Radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy
confirms the diagnosis

58. General Considerations
The symptoms of chronic renal failure(CRF)
depend on the severity and rapidity of the
underlying renal disorder. When CRF develop
slowly,most individuals remain asymptomatic
until the renal failure is far-advanced (GFR＜ mL/min) .

59. Complication of chronic renal failure＆their management
Hyperkalemia
Acid-base disorder
C. Cardiovascular complication
1 .Hypertention 2.Pericarditis
3 .Congestive heart failure
D.Hematologic complication
1. Anemia 2.Coagulopathy

60. E. Neurologic complication
F. Disorder of mineral metabolism:
Renal osteodystrophy
G. Metabolic and endocrine disturbances
H. Gastrointestinal tract complication

61. Treatment of Chronic renal failure
A. Diatery management
1. Protein restriction
2. Salt and water restriction
3. Potassium restriction
4. Phosphorus restriction
5. Magnesium restriction
B. Dialysis
1.Hemodialysis
2.Peritoneal dialysis
C. Kidney transplantation

62. 一個病人實例 主訴:Dry cough off and on for about 1.5month
病史：This 51years old woman is an administractive officer at our hospital. She is a non-smoker,she underwent a regular health examination in Aug last year

63. 一個病人實例
.Chest x-ray revealed a small opacity at RLL,hence she went to our CM OPD for help,but without significant diagnosis. In recent 1.5 months, she suffered from dry cough intermittently,it was more severe in the night time,so,she is admitted for further survey

64. 一個病人實例
病理報告：Lung,right middle lobe ,frozen section and biopsy---Adennocarcinoma ,poorly differentiated

65. 一個病人實例
住院診斷：Adenocarcinoma of lung ,RML and RLL,with pleural metastasis and lymph node invasion ,T4N1M0

66. 手術：Wedge resection of RML
一個病人實例
手術：Wedge resection of RML

67. 一個病人實例
住院治療經過：After admission ,chest CT revealed ill-definded nodules at RML and RLL.Pre-OP survey was performed and showed no distance metastasis.

68. 一個病人實例
After discussion and explanation of limits, risk,and benefits of surgery and biopsy,family and patient decided to receive surgery resection, then exploratory thoracotomy with lung wedge resection was performed and pleural metastasis was noted ,

69. 一個病人實例
Port-A was also insertion .After rest and pain control ,patient was discharged and keep OPD follow up for further lung CA treatment.

70. 結 語
有系統、有方法、有紀律
的學習是成功的保證

71. 謝謝聆聽
敬請指教