1. Whose Revolution Gender and Ethnicity in the Revolutionary Era Richard Allen, Phillis Wheatley, Thayendanegea, and Mercy Otis Warren

2. Freedom of Religion No Established church Dissenters gain legal toleration in most states Dissenter denominations organize Notion of freedom of religion became part of first amendment.

3. Indians and the Revolution Fought for Land in order to preserve freedom British Incited Indians defeated by G. R. Clark at Kaskasia and Vincennes in 1778 John Sullivan dispatched Thayendagea and Iroquois League in 1779 Indians moved beyond line of gringo settlement as a result of American Revolution Matriarchal and matrilineal aspects of Amerind life replaced increasingly by patriarchal assumptions.

4. Paradox of Slavery Africans fought for freedom in order to gain land Lord Dunmore’s proclamation; Henry Clinton’s Philipsburg Proclamation Over 3000 African Americans resettled in Nova Scotia, with some eventually reaching Sierra Leone Africans fought alongside of white colonials Some northern states begin to abolish slavery Slavery remained a core value of the United States

5. Women and the Revolution Some women actually saw combat Some women (Judith Sargent Murray) argued for political rights for women Women (Mercy Otis Warren, Abigail Adams) participated in political discourse Men confined women to the “domestic sphere.” Middle and Upper Class White women create “Republican Motherhood”

6. So What? Examining different experiences helps to construct the “meanings” of the Revolution. Why should African Americans or Native Americans Celebrate the 4 th of July? Should anyone “celebrate” the 4 th of July?