1. First Billion: 1804Second Billion: 1927 (123 yrs)Third Billion: 1960 (33 yrs)Fourth Billion: 1974 (14 yrs) Fifth Billion: 1987 (13 yrs) Sixth Billion: 1999 (11 yrs) Accelerated World Population Growth

2. 90% of population growth is happening in Third World

3. No more virgin land to occupy Reverse colonial population migration Migration from Low to Medium, High Income Countries Employment Based Migration ANY MORE LAND? Changing Face of Cross Country Immigration

4. Malthus: Population will outgrow food supplies (geometric growth vs arithmetic growth) Condorcet: Reasoned human action will reduce population, reduce waste, and maintain food supply Malthus vs Condorcet

5. Ehrlich: Population is outgrowing earth’s sustainable capacity Simon: Population growth not problem, but contributes to economic develop- ment; Need for Individual Economic Freedom Paul Ehrlich vs Julian Simon

6. Epidemiological Transition Demographic Transition Hidden Population Momentum Role of TECHNOLOGY Role of CULTURE, RELIGION Population: Other Considerations

7. Poverty (Food Problem?) (Famines are fewer, though) Standard of Living Environmental Consequences of Consumption Overcrowding Population Problems

8. Override (Forced government programs to reduce population) Collaboration (Voluntary programs and incentive based family planning programs) Economic Development (higher GNP per capita) Social Development (better education, health facilities, gender equity) Family Planning Programs (sterilization, promotion of contraceptive use) Population Growth: Solutions