1. Cell Growth and Division
The cell cycle and Mitosis.

2. When to Divide? Diffusion is a limiting factor
Works well over short distances
Takes too long to travel far
Surface area to volume ratio
All nutrients and waste must cross the cell membrane
Larger the cell the smaller the surface area to volume ratio
(A larger cell produces more waste, but has less surface area for it to get out of)
DNA is a limiting factor
Most cells have 1 nucleus and 1 set of DNA
If the cell is too Big one copy of the DNA is not enough to make enough proteins for a large cell

3. Diffusion and cell size
Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells.
The size of a cell affects how efficiently materials get to all parts of a cell.
The larger the cell the less efficient transport of materials across the cell membrane is.

4. Surface area to Volume Ratio
Surface Area (length x width x 6)
Volume
(length x width x height)
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
The higher the surface area to volume ratio the easier it is to get nutrients to the cell

5. Prokaryotic cell division
Binary fission
DNA replicates
No organelles to multiply
Cell divides cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA
Cell wall divides two cells

6. The Cell Cycle
M phase
G2 phase
S phase
G1 phase

7. Interphase
Interphase is when the cell is not dividing, but is going about its normal daily business. Ex. Nerve cells send messages, muscle cells contract.
G1- cell growth and day to day life
S -Synthesis- DNA is replicating
G2 –prepare for cell division, make extra copies of organelles so both daughter cells will get all the organelles.

8. Root words Look up what the following word pre-fixes mean Inter- Pro-
Meta-
Ana-
Telo-

9. Root Words… Defined Inter-Between, the cell is between divisions
Pro-Greek, from pro, before, before cells divide they must prepare.
Meta-Greek, from meta, beside, Chromosomes are side by side
Ana- Backward, Chromosomes are pulled back
Telo-From Greek telos, end

11. Correct order… Prophase Interphase Cytokinesis Metaphase Anaphase
Centrioles
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Chromosomes (paired chromatids)
Centromere
Spindle forming
Centriole
Spindle
Individual chromosomes
Nuclear envelope reforming
Prophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase