1. Helle Zinner Henriksen Copenhagen Business School Homelessness in DK

2. Methodological considerations If One Is Truly to Succeed in Leading a Person to a Specific Place, One Must First and Foremost Take Care to Find Him Where He is and Begin There. This is the secret in the entire art of helping. Anyone who cannot do this is himself under a delusion if he thinks he is able to help someone else. In order truly to help someone else, I must understand more than he–but certainly first and foremost understand what he understands. Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

3. The “value-chain” of homelessness in DK Ministry of Welfare Overall regulation of domain. 2007: Strategy for abolition of homelessness year 2010 Action Policy/ regulation Local municipality Provision of financial benefits, basic needs & registration Third sector Regulation admits checking of latest address of residence >> determines which municipality has financial responsibility Temporary housing Food Clothing Social support Spokesmen for socially excluded: Council for Socially Marginalised People Region Health care ?

4. Ministry of Social Welfare Ministry of Employment Governmental handling of homelessness & unemployment National Municipal level General policiesAction & Rules & regulationfinancial responsibility Unemployment Homelessness Local municipality CPR-register 1) Controls citizenship Domain of potential social exclusion Support offered by government and third sector Not Danish citizen 2) -No financial or health support -Not entitled to work Danish citizen - Referral to temporary shelter - Assignment of social benefit - Automatically eligble of healthcare Local job-centre 1)Information possible to retrieve based on CPR: Address, Income, Health info, etc. 2)The likelihood that an illegal citizen shows up at a municipality is marginal, the person will be ordered to leave the country Incapable of working Capable of sheltered work Capable of working Enforced active job-seeking IT-literate IT-illiterate Registration on-line

5. Ministry of Social Welfare Ministry of Employment Governmental handling of homelessness & unemployment National Municipal level General policiesAction & Rules & regulationfinancial responsibility Unemployment Homelessness Local municipality CPR-register 1) Controls citizenship Domain of potential social exclusion Support offered by government and third sector Not Danish citizen 2) -No financial or health support -Not entitled to work Danish citizen - Referral to temporary shelter - Assignment of social benefit - Automatically eligble of healthcare Local job-centre 1)Information possible to retrieve based on CPR: Address, Income, Health info, etc. 2)The likelihood that an illegal citizen shows up at a municipality is marginal, the person will be ordered t 3)’o leave the country Incapable of working Capable of sheltered work Capable of working Enforced active job-seeking IT-literate IT-illiterate Registration on-line Technology dimension at government level (internal perspective G2G) Enforced digital exchange of data Strong digital registers (CPR) Strong back-office integration Robust data repository

6. Ministry of Social Welfare Ministry of Employment Governmental handling of homelessness & unemployment National Municipal level General policiesAction & Rules & regulationfinancial responsibility Unemployment Homelessness Local municipality CPR-register 1) Controls citizenship Domain of potential social exclusion Support offered by government and third sector Not Danish citizen 2) -No financial or health support -Not entitled to work Danish citizen - Referral to temporary shelter - Assignment of social benefit - Automatically eligble of healthcare Local job-centre 1)Information possible to retrieve based on CPR: Address, Income, Health info, etc. 2)The likelihood that an illegal citizen shows up at a municipality is marginal, the person will be ordered t 3)’o leave the country Incapable of working Capable of sheltered work Capable of working Enforced active job-seeking IT-literate IT-illiterate Registration on-line Technology dimension at government level (external perspective G2C) Common digital entry to government Government to citizen portals: borger.dk (citizen.dk) sundhed.dk (health.dk) NemKonto (Easy Account) e-boks NemSMS (Easy Text) alerts G2C mainly driven by pull from citizens Top-down design of G2C eServices

7. How to include homeless? Based on interaction with representatives from two third sector agencies Council for Socially Marginalised People and Project Outside the following initiatives are recommended: educate stimulate interest and perceived usefulness create access Empowerment, confidence, trust, …

8. How to include homeless? educate – provide training to end-users – provide training of social workers

9. Bring computers with the mobile café to educate and stimulate interest Needed: - Hardware - Training of volunteers - Wifi on ”unattractive spots in town”

10. How to include homeless? stimulate interest and usefulness – demonstrate how technology can support social network (Facebook profiles) – support communication with social workers via e- mail – work for more targeted communication towards socially excluded groups

11. How to include homeless? create access – low cost and easy access (free wifi in selected areas in town) – provide recycled computers to homeless (one sheltered workshop repairs old computers and sells them to needy people)

12. Thank you Helle Zinner Henriksen Center for Applied ICT Copenhagen Business School hzh.caict@cbs.dk