1. The HIV/AIDS Epidemic © 2001 John B. Pryor Illinois State University

2. HIV/AIDS Trends in the USA

3. History of the Epidemic

24. Number of AIDS patients, AIDS deaths and patients on antiretroviral therapy among men who have sex with men (MSM), San Francisco, USA, 1980 to 1998 Source: San Francisco Department of Public Health (California), USA, 1999

25. HIV/AIDS Trends in Illinois

26. . Since 1981, 26,000 Illinoisans have been diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Of that figure, more than 15,000, or 59 percent, have died. The number of Illinois cases is the sixth highest total in the U.S., trailing New York, California, Florida, Texas and New Jersey. An estimated 28,000 to 38,000 persons in Illinois are HIV infected..

27. Data for Men Total = 1273

28. Male AIDS Cases in Illinois in 2001 Total = 964

29. For Women Total cases = 284

30. Female AIDS Cases in Illinois in 2001 Total = 248

31. "This morning my back is out again, I have sciatica, I have a herpes shingle going right up my back. I'm just now finishing all my drugs. Yesterday I had to take injections to make my bone marrow grow, and my life is no fun. Sometimes I wish I were dead. If somebody was H.I.V. negative and I could transport them into my body for a few days and let them feel the pain, I think they'd have a whole new understanding about the risks they're taking.” - JEFF GETTY,a founder of Survive AIDS in San Francisco

32. A Tale of Two Epidemics

33. The Epidemic of Disease & The Epidemic of Stigma

34. The Epidemic of AIDS Stigma  Transmitted by association: people have averse reactions to any person, place, or thing associated with AIDS  AIDS stigma is fueled by associations to other forms of prejudice: anti-homosexual attitudes, rejection of minorities, negative feelings about sex......  Transmitted by association: people have averse reactions to any person, place, or thing associated with AIDS  AIDS stigma is fueled by associations to other forms of prejudice: anti-homosexual attitudes, rejection of minorities, negative feelings about sex......

35. Attitudes toward homosexuality Beliefs about HIV transmission Should Magic continue to play?.31 -.50 N=78 Women

36. Attitudes toward homosexuality Beliefs about HIV transmission Should Magic continue to play?.27 -.49 N=122 Men

37. Some Consequences of the Epidemic of Stigma  Studies of young sexually active people show that those with anti-gay prejudice are less likely to take precautions when having sex  Fear of being stigmatized is one of the primary reasons people who are at risk avoid being tested for HIV  Studies of young sexually active people show that those with anti-gay prejudice are less likely to take precautions when having sex  Fear of being stigmatized is one of the primary reasons people who are at risk avoid being tested for HIV

38. Some Consequences of the Epidemic of Stigma  The experience of AIDS stigma contributes to burnout among doctors, nurses, & social workers who work with PWAs  Among PWAs the experience of being shunned is related to psychosocial adjustment problems and possibly to the further progression of the disease  The experience of AIDS stigma contributes to burnout among doctors, nurses, & social workers who work with PWAs  Among PWAs the experience of being shunned is related to psychosocial adjustment problems and possibly to the further progression of the disease

39. Some Consequences of the Epidemic of Stigma  In one national study, 32% of AIDS-related legal cases involved discrimination  In another conducted by the ACLU, 30% of AIDS-discrimination cases involved people who were not infected  In one national study, 32% of AIDS-related legal cases involved discrimination  In another conducted by the ACLU, 30% of AIDS-discrimination cases involved people who were not infected

40. AIDS Stigma Affects Families  While the CDC reports that HIV disease is never transmitted through casual contact to other family members, AIDS stigma is almost always transmitted to the PWA’s family  Studies show that the parents, siblings, and children of PWAs are stigmatized