1. Chem 125 Lecture 1 8/31/05 Projected material This material is for the exclusive use of Chem 125 students at Yale and may not be copied or distributed further. It is not readily understood without reference to notes from the lecture.

2. Exam Dates 9 lectures Sept 21 10 lect Oct 17 10 lect Nov. 11 9 lect Dec 16 100 pts 300 pts Semester grade biased by faithfulness in timely problem set submission

3. Organic Chemistry

4. HELP ! Text: Organic Chemistry (3rd ed ) Maitland Jones, Jr. Lecture Notes (in-class questions / e-mail questions) Course web site: www.classes.yale.edu/chem125a Assigned problems or questions Instructor : Prof. J. M. McBride TAs : Matthew Medeiros & Andrew Moraco (Mon/Thurs evenings) Other Chem 125 students! Alumni (web advice) HughesTeaching Interns: Joshua Baraban & Swati Deshmukh

5. Problems For Friday: 1) Which two class members live nearest you? 2) What are the three most common items of advice from course veterans? For Monday: Isotope problems from Pepys & Newton For Wednesday: 1) Problems from Text - Sections 1.3-1.4 2) Are Lewis Structures correct? 3) What do they show?

6. The Big Question

7. How do you know? John McBride (age 3)

8. How do you know? John McBride (age 35)

9. Finger Writes

10. Shows Joshua Faith-based Science?

11. Asks question of Class

12. Class

13. Do not suppose that I was a very deep thinker, or was marked as a precocious person. I was a very lively imaginative person, and could believe in the "Arabian Nights" as easily as in the "Encyclopaedia." But facts were important to me, and saved me. I could trust a fact, and always cross-examined an assertion. So when I questioned Mrs. Marcet's book by such little experiments as I could find means to perform, and found it true to the facts as I could understand them, I felt that I had got hold of an anchor in chemical knowledge, and clung fast to it. Michael Faraday, 1858

14. If they say to you science has shown such and such, you might ask, "How does science show it - how did the scientists find out - how, what, where?" Not science has shown, but this experiment, this effect has shown. When someone says science teaches such and such, he is using the word incorrectly. Science doesn't teach it; experience teaches it. Learn from science that you must doubt the experts…Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts. Richard Feynman (to National Science Teachers Assn 1966) Why cite Feynman? No. Because he deserves credit for saying something that is true and saying it very well. Because he is an expert?

15. Budiansky Cover

16. How do we know?

17. 17th Century 1800 Lavoisier Oxidation 1900 Planck Quantization Newton Gravitation Bacon Instauration Luther Reformation Columbus Navigation 2000 Us 17001600 Robt. Hooke (1635-1703) 1500 Copernicus Revolution Hooke (1665)

18. On his scholastic Cambridge tutors: "Men of sharp wits, shut up in their cells of a few authors, chiefly Aristotle, their Dictator." All the philosophy of nature which is now received, is either the philosophy of the Grecians, or that other of the alchemists… The one is gathered out of a few vulgar observations, and the other out of a few experiments of a furnace. The one never faileth to multiply words, and the other ever faileth to multiply gold. Shakespeare (1564-1616) Galileo (1564-1642) Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Instauratio Magna The Great Restoration Novum Organum Inductive Scientific Method to replace Aristotelian deduction ? www.confluence.org Pillars of Hercules Jebel Musa (Morocco) Jebel al Tarik (Gibraltar) PLUS ULTRA

19. "Many will pass through and knowledge will be increased.” Daniel 12:4

20. Instauratio Magna (1620) “…that wisdom which we have derived principally from the Greeks is but like the boyhood of knowledge, and has the characteristic property of boys: “…it is but a device for exempting ignorance from ignominy.” “…the end which this science of mine proposes is the invention not of arguments but of arts.” “…not so much by instruments as by experiments …skilfully and artificially devised for the express purpose of determining the point in question.” “restoration of learning and knowledge” it can talk, but it cannot generate;”

21. Horology Meteorology Chemistry Astronomy Royal Society 1662 Ac ne forte roges, quo me..duce, quo lare tuter, Nullius addictus jurare in....verba magistri Quo me cumque rapit........tempestas, deferor hospes............. Horace (15 B.C.) Lest you ask who leads.... me, in what household.. I lodge, There is no master in...... whose words I am........ bound to take an oath, Wherever the storm........ forces me, there I put in.. as a guest. “The Royal Society for the Improving of Natural Knowledge by Experiments” (the late) Francis Bacon Viscount Brouncker (President) Navigation

22. Experimentum Crucis “Crucial” www.bluestreetjazzband.com

23. Experimentum Crucis Newton’s “Experimentum Crucis” (1666 -1672)  Light is a substance; not Hooke’s waves. “The broken light does not change its color.”

24. Robert Boyle (1627-1691)

25. 1676

26. anagrams Hooke (1660) 0.1% = 10  10,000 Inventions

27. 1678

30. Scale

31. Are There Atoms & Molecules? What Holds Atoms Together?

32. When does a Chain of Atoms Snap?

33. Force Laws & Molecular Structure SpringGravity / Electrical Charge Balanced minimumBalanced minimum ! F = -k  xF = -k / (  r) 2 Energy Single MinimumDouble Minimum

34. Morse Potential (1929) Snaps at Inflection Point Sum (Change from direct to inverse force)

35. Samuel Pepys as a Science Student

36. Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) Diary 1660-1669 Saw Charles I beheaded 1649 B.A. Cantab. 1654 Whalley Dixwell Goffe Hamden “Clerk of the Acts” Navy Board 1660