1. Arab-Muslim Societies Stereotypes Misunderstandings

2. Fundamental Attribution Error View own actions as responses to situations View others’ actions as expressions of personality traits

3. Projection Freud: mechanism of defense Anti-social, immoral wishes & abject self-images attributed to others Usually to an other group: ethnic group, nation, religion, gender, “the poor,” etc.

4. Mini-stereotypes

6. Orientalist Paintings 19 th & early 20 th centuries

7. Bridgeman, Harem Fountain

8. Bridgeman, Harem Boats

9. Giraud, Interior of the Harem

10. Bouchard, Almees (entertainers)

11. Dicksee, Cleopatra

12. Collier, Pharoah’s Handmaidens

13. Delacroix, Algerian Women

14. Delacroix, Odalisque (concubine)

15. Renoir, Odalisque

16. Matisse, Odalisque

17. Ingres, Turkish Bath

18. Ingres, Grand Odalisque

19. Falero, Enchantress

20. Weiz, Odalisque

21. Gerome, The Great Bath

22. Gerome, Bath

23. Ponsan, Massage

24. Long, Love’s Labor Lost

25. Cormon, Jealousy in the Seraglio

26. Gerome, Slave Market

27. Gerome, Slave Auction

28. Giraud, New Slave

29. Rosati, Dancing Girl

30. Marinelli, Dance of the Bee in the Harem

31. Alloula: The Colonial Harem French-made postcards from Algeria

41. Today?

43. Wafah Dufour Bin Laden’s neice GQ 2006

44. Misunderstandings 1.Despotism & strife stem from a tribal mentality equipped with modern weapons  MENA should not be seen as having a “still-tribal” social organization -- though underdevelopment and oppression may lead people to create tribe-like relationships

45. Misunderstandings 2.The “honor code” monopolizes the Middle Eastern psyche and subverts modernization  There is an “honor-modesty” ethics & social etiquette, but this does not retard modernization

46. Misunderstandings 3.Islamic “fatalism” breeds passivity and stalls development  An “Islamist ethic” fuels achievement and development, but when thwarted people turn to Islam for consolation

47. Misunderstandings 4.The momentum of tradition resists modernization  People may choose “tradition” as superior to “modernity”  People invent “traditions” to defend against “modernity”

48. Misunderstandings 5.Terrorism springs from a vein of fanaticism in Arab culture and psyche  Terrorism better explained by… a) strategic considerations b) social psychological processes that operate in all cultures  Violence can create a “culture of terror”

49. Underdevelopment Modernity Underdevelopment ( H. Sharabi: “neo-patriarchy” ) Tradition