1. Virulence factors of Bacteria that cause disease Submitted By : Nesren alkakhrass Supervised By: Dr. Abedelraouf A. Elmanama ( Ph.sc Microbiology

2. TheMechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenecity

3. EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC ATTACHMENTS OF BACTERIA TO HOST CELL OR TISSUE SURFACES Disease Attachment site ReceptorAdhesin Bacterium Sore throat Pharyngeal epithelium Amino terminus of fibronectin Protein FStreptococcus pyogenes DiarrheaIntestinal epithelium Species- specific carbohydra te Type-1 fimbriae Enterotoxigen ic E. coli Whooping cough Respirator y epithelium Galactose on sulfated glycolipids Fimbriae ("filament ous hemaggluti nin Bordetella pertussis

4. M PROTEIN STRUCTURE

5. SOME EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIAL PROTEINS THAT ARE CONSIDERED INVASINS ActivityBacteria Involved Invasin Degrades hyaluronic of connective tissue Streptococci, staphylococci and clostridia Hyaluronidase Dissolves collagen framework of muscles Clostridium species Collagenase Degrades neuraminic acid of intestinal mucosa Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteriae Neuraminidas e

6. Cell invasion by GFP-expressing Salmonella (

7. Salmonella-induced actin rearrangement

8.  Apoptosis as Bacterial virulense factor programmed cell death: activation of apoptosis to destroy cells, utilization of apoptosis to initiate inflammation The induction of apoptosis by Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase hemolysin P. aeruginosa can induce apoptosis by producing exotoxin

9. Quorum Sensing as a virulence factor  An important factor in the pathogenesis of some infections is a bacterial cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, referred to as "quorum sensing", which enables bacteria to coordinately turn on and off specific virulence genes through the production of autoinducer molecules. Interference or blocking of quorum-sensing systems lead to inhibition of a variety of virulence factors.

10. Genomics and Bacterial Pathogenesis  Complete knowledge of an organism's genetic makeup allows exhaustive identification for virulence genes, vaccine and antimicrobial targets, and diagnostics.  The genomes of at least 13 pathogenic bacteria have been sequenced

11. Strategies To Block Bacterial Adhesion used as new treatment