1. LITTORAL ECOSYSTEM PURIFICATION BY USE OF BIOPOSITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ALGAL BIOFOULING Applicant: Ecology and Environmental Management Chair of MSTU Applicant: Ecology and Environmental Management Chair of MSTU

2. Main idea of the project Now natural reservoirs are badly polluted with industrial and urban sewage. First of all, wastewaters are discharged into ecosystems with the highest biological productive potential: surface freshwater reservoirs and littoral sea ecosystems. Pollution causes considerable degrading changes of the aquatic ecosystem, such as its species variety decrease and substances flow balance disturbance. Now natural reservoirs are badly polluted with industrial and urban sewage. First of all, wastewaters are discharged into ecosystems with the highest biological productive potential: surface freshwater reservoirs and littoral sea ecosystems. Pollution causes considerable degrading changes of the aquatic ecosystem, such as its species variety decrease and substances flow balance disturbance. Under such conditions it becomes topical to treat polluted natural water reservoirs. Conventional purification technologies are not very acceptable. Under such conditions it becomes topical to treat polluted natural water reservoirs. Conventional purification technologies are not very acceptable. It is suggested to use a system of artificial reefs – biopositive constructions covered with algae for natural reservoirs purification. It is suggested to use a system of artificial reefs – biopositive constructions covered with algae for natural reservoirs purification. The main idea of this purification method is to use the algal capability for active consumption from water and accumulation in their biomass of different environment pollution components, such as organic and mineral forms of nutrients, oil products, and heavy metals. The main idea of this purification method is to use the algal capability for active consumption from water and accumulation in their biomass of different environment pollution components, such as organic and mineral forms of nutrients, oil products, and heavy metals.

3. Periodical harvest gathering of algal mass allows effective extracting of pollutants in the algal biomass composition from the water reservoir. Further algal biomass utilization for different purposes (energy production, biologically active compounds extraction…) significantly increases ecological potential of this treatment method. Periodical harvest gathering of algal mass allows effective extracting of pollutants in the algal biomass composition from the water reservoir. Further algal biomass utilization for different purposes (energy production, biologically active compounds extraction…) significantly increases ecological potential of this treatment method. The main task of the investigations is to search for conditions, where the biomass growth rate and pollution component consumption are maximal. The main task of the investigations is to search for conditions, where the biomass growth rate and pollution component consumption are maximal. Morphology of the artificial reefs, Morphology of the artificial reefs, Water pollution gradient, Water pollution gradient, Hydrodynamics gradient Hydrodynamics gradient are considered as the main regulators of the biofouling parameters. are considered as the main regulators of the biofouling parameters.

4. Preliminary results. Preliminary results. New ideology of biogeochemical and morpho-physiological regulation of the algal bioproductive parameters was used in investigations New ideology of biogeochemical and morpho-physiological regulation of the algal bioproductive parameters was used in investigations Numerous investigations of algae photosynthesis intensity, and growth rate influenced by the morphology of overgrown constructions, hydro- chemical, and hydrodynamic gradients were carried out under conditions of different seas (Barents Sea, the Sea of Japan, Black Sea). Numerous investigations of algae photosynthesis intensity, and growth rate influenced by the morphology of overgrown constructions, hydro- chemical, and hydrodynamic gradients were carried out under conditions of different seas (Barents Sea, the Sea of Japan, Black Sea). Original method for water movement measurements by means of the plaster structures was elaborated. This method allows measure the water movement in different scales and space: from metric scale of algal habitat till thin millimeter scale boundary layer of water near the algal body surface. Original method for water movement measurements by means of the plaster structures was elaborated. This method allows measure the water movement in different scales and space: from metric scale of algal habitat till thin millimeter scale boundary layer of water near the algal body surface.

5. Traditional artificial reefs

6. Bio-ecological systems as living- unliving systems

7. Morpho-physiologycal regulation of the bio-productive algal parameters

8. Morphology of the artificial reefs as regulator of dimensional structure of biofouling

9. Artificial reefs as morpho-physiological regulators of biofouling

10. Morphology of the artificial reefs as the algal abundance regulator

11. Big-scale hydrodynamic measurements

12. Thin layer hydrodynamic measurements

14. Algal morphology as physioiolycal regulator

15. Water movement as regulator of density effects

16. Functional dependences of algal bio-productive parameters from the main investigated gradients were found. Obtained results allow estimating efficiency of the water ecosystem purification with use of algae’s artificial reefs.

17. Purpose of the project Scientific and applied direction Scientific and applied direction Search of the optimum values of the investigated gradients where the algal bio- productive parameters will be maximal. Search of the optimum values of the investigated gradients where the algal bio- productive parameters will be maximal. Creation of the pilot plant of the bio-positive construction with algal bio-fouling. Creation of the pilot plant of the bio-positive construction with algal bio-fouling. Educational direction Educational direction Elaboration of the methodic materials for the ecologist students training in the sphere of the ecological ways of the natural waters purification. Elaboration of the methodic materials for the ecologist students training in the sphere of the ecological ways of the natural waters purification.

18. Location of the works execution Location of the works execution Kola Bay littoral zone Kola Bay littoral zone Any fresh-water reservoir… Any fresh-water reservoir…

19. Methods The whole project duration is 3 years, when following activities are foreseen: The whole project duration is 3 years, when following activities are foreseen: Conducting of the quantitative multiparametric phytocenosis study in the gradient of sewage pollution, and hydrodynamic in the conditions of different shape of the artificial overgrow constructions for determination of it’s optimal levels where the algal growth rate, and nutrients concentration in tissues will be maximum. Conducting of the quantitative multiparametric phytocenosis study in the gradient of sewage pollution, and hydrodynamic in the conditions of different shape of the artificial overgrow constructions for determination of it’s optimal levels where the algal growth rate, and nutrients concentration in tissues will be maximum. Creation of the artificial reef’s pilot plant for the sanitary aquaculture aims Creation of the artificial reef’s pilot plant for the sanitary aquaculture aims