1. The HIV/AIDS Epidemic © 2002 John B. Pryor Illinois State University

2. AIDS -  Acquired  Immune  Deficiency  Syndrome HIV -  Human  Immunodeficiency  Virus

3. Ways HIV is Transmitted: 1) through unprotected sexual intercourse 2) through sharing needles 3) through exposure to contaminated blood 4) perinatal exposure 5) mother’s milk

4. Ways you cannot transmit HIV: 1) mosquito bites 2) casual contact 3) toilet seats 4) sharing food

5. Natural History of HIV/AIDS HIVInfection 3-6 Weeks AcuteHIVSyndrome 6 Months Positive HIV Test 9.8 Years 14.8 Years ClinicalAIDS Death May be extended by new drug therapies

6. HIV/AIDS: Recent US Trends Rates of HIV/AIDS seems to be on the rise

8. HIV/AIDS Global Trends

9. Global estimates for adults and children end 2002  People living with HIV/AIDS  New HIV infections in 2002  Deaths due to HIV/AIDS in 2002 42 million 5 million 3.1 million

10. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2002 Total: 42 million Western Europe 570 000 North Africa & Middle East 550 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 29.4 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.2 million South & South-East Asia 6 million Australia & New Zealand 15 000 North America 980 000 Caribbean 440 000 Latin America 1.5 million East Asia & Pacific 1.2 million

11. Estimated number of adults and children newly infected with HIV during 2002 Total: 5 million Western Europe 30 000 North Africa & Middle East 83 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 3.5 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 250 000 East Asia & Pacific 270 000 South & South-East Asia 700 000 Australia & New Zealand500 North America 45 000 Caribbean 60 000 Latin America 150 000

12. Estimated adult and child deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2002 Total: 3.1 million Western Europe 8 000 North Africa & Middle East 37 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 2.4 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 25 000 East Asia & Pacific 45 000 South & South-East Asia 440 000 Australia & New Zealand<100 North America 15 000 Caribbean 42 000 Latin America 60 000

13. HIV/AIDS Global Trends in Children

14. Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2002 Western Europe 5 000 North Africa & Middle East 40 000 sub-Saharan Africa 2.8 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 16 000 East Asia & Pacific 4 000 South & South-East Asia 240 000 Australia & New Zealand < 200 North America 10 000 Caribbean 20 000 Latin America 45 000 Total: 3.2 million

15. Estimated deaths in children (<15 years) from HIV/AIDS during 2002 Western Europe < 100 North Africa & Middle East 6 800 sub-Saharan Africa 550 000 Eastern Europe & Central Asia < 100 East Asia & Pacific 2 000 South & South-East Asia 43 000 Australia & New Zealand < 100 North America < 100 Caribbean 7 000 Latin America 5 000 Total: 610 000

16. Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV during 2002 Western Europe < 500 North Africa & Middle East 13 000 sub-Saharan Africa 720 000 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1 000 East Asia & Pacific 3 000 South & South-East Asia 60 000 Australia & New Zealand < 100 North America < 500 Caribbean 7 000 Latin America 10 000 Total: 800 000

17. HIV/AIDS Trends in Africa

18. Spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, 1987 Estimated percentage of adults (15–49) infected with HIV Estimated percentage of adults (15–49) infected with HIV 16.0% – 32.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0% – 0.5% 0% – 0.5% trend data unavailable outside region 16.0% – 32.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0% – 0.5% 0% – 0.5% trend data unavailable outside region World Health Organization World Health Organization UNAIDS–Addis–May 1999

19. Spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, 1997 Estimated percentage of adults (15–49) infected with HIV Estimated percentage of adults (15–49) infected with HIV 16.0% – 32.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0% – 0.5% 0% – 0.5% trend data unavailable outside region 16.0% – 32.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 8.0% – 16.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 2.0% – 8.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0.5% – 2.0% 0% – 0.5% 0% – 0.5% trend data unavailable outside region World Health Organization World Health Organization UNAIDS–Addis–May 1999

20. Leading causes of death in Africa, 1999  1 HIV/AIDS  2 Acute lower respiratory infections  3 Malaria  4 Diarrhoeal diseases  5 Perinatal conditions  6 Measles  7 Tuberculosis  8 Cerebrovascular disease  9 Ischaemic heart disease  10 Maternal conditions 20.610.39.17.35.94.93.43.23.02.4 Source: The World Health Report 2000, WHO Rank % of total

21. Changes in life expectancy in selected African countries with high HIV prevalence, 1950 to 2000 South-Africa 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 1950-551955-601960-651965-701970-751975-801980-851985-901990-951995-00 Life expectancy at birth, in years Botswana Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Source: United Nations Population Division, 1998

22. Reduction in production in a household with an AIDS death, Zimbabwe Crops  Maize  Cotton  Vegetables  Groundnuts  Cattle owned Reduction in output 61%47%49%37%29% Source: Stover & Bollinger, 1999

23. HIV/AIDS Trends in

24. Annual number of newly registered HIV infections, Russia, 1993 to 1999 108158 196 1,546 4,399 3,947 15,462 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 93949596979899 Year of registration Number of HIV infections Source: Russian Federal AIDS Centre, Moscow