1. Thoracic organs
陳 建 榮

2. Ventral view of thorax

3. Heart: rib3~rib7

4. Wall of thorax Thoracic vertebrae胸椎 (T1~T13) Sternum 胸骨
Ribs肋骨 (13 pairs)

5. Ribs (13 pairs) Sternum Contains head, neck, tubercle, angle of rib
head肋骨頭  body of thoracic veterbra
tubercle肋骨結  transverse process
2. Costal cartilage肋軟骨  sternum
3. Sternal ribs (1~9 ribs)= true ribs真肋
4. Asternal ribs (10~13 ribs)= false ribs假肋 (10~12 ribs) + floating rib (13 rib)
5. Costal arch肋弓
6. Floating rib浮肋
7. Intercostal space肋骨間隙
Sternum
Contain 8 sternebrae胸骨片 (manubrium胸骨柄, second ~ seventh sternebra, xiphoid process劍突, xiphoid cartilage劍突軟骨)
The cartilaginous joints (intersternebral cartilage) between the sternebrae may ossify in old individuals.

6. Thoracic inlet胸腔入口

7. Thoracic outlet

8. Muscles of the thoracic wall
External intercostal m.外肋間肌 (external intercartilage m.)
Internal intercostal m.內肋間肌
Draw the ribs together
Innervate by intercostal n.
Transversus thoracic m.橫胸肌
2~8 costal cartilage  sternum
Function: expiration呼氣
Diaphragm橫膈膜
Central tendon (V shape)
Muscular part: pars lumbalis腰椎部, pars costalis肋骨部, pars sternalis胸骨部
Caval foramen腔靜脈孔, Esophageal hiatus食道裂孔, Aortic hiatus主動脈裂孔
Function: inspiration
Innervate by phrenic n.膈神經 (C5~C7)

11. Internal thoracic a.內胸動脈
derive from subclavian a.鎖骨下動脈
lying between transversus thoracic m. and internal intercostal m.
ventral intercostal a.腹肋間動脈: anastomosis with dorsal intercostal a.
Pericardiocophrenic a.心包膜橫膈動脈
Branch to thymus
Mediastinal a.縱隔動脈
Ventral cutaneous br. 腹側皮分枝(perforating br.)
Cranial epigastric a.
Musculophrenic a.

14. Thoracic cavity胸腔
2 Pleura cavity胸膜腔
Mediastinum 縱膈

15. Pleura胸膜 Parietal pleura壁層胸膜: line the walls of the thoracic cavity
Costal pleura肋胸膜
Mediastinal pleura縱膈胸膜
Diaphragmatic pleura橫膈胸膜
Recess隱窩
Costomediastinal recess肋縱膈隱窩
Costodiaphragmatic recess 肋橫膈隱窩
Viseral pleura臟層胸膜(pulmonary pleura): coverthe lungs
Plica vena cavae腔靜脈襞: surrounds the caudal vena cava
- Mediastinal recess縱膈隱窩
Pleural cavity胸膜腔
Pleural cupula胸膜圓頂(apical portion of pleural sac)

17. Pulmonary lig. Costomediastinal recess Pleural cupula
Costodiaphragmatic
recess
Pulmonary lig.

19. Pneumothorax氣胸

25. Mediastinal recess
Costomediastinal recess

26. Lungs 三角形構造 Apex (cupula) Base (diaphragm) 外觀 Costal surface
Medial surface
Diaphragmatic surface
Interlobar surface
Root of lung肺門
Pulmonary a.
Pulmonary v.
Bronchi
Bronchial a.
- Pulmonary lig.肺韌帶
Oblique fissure斜裂

27. Horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure
Oblique fissure

28. 1. Left lung 由 oblique fissure 將其分成兩葉
Cranial lobe前葉 and caudal lobe後葉
Cranial lobe 包含cranial part and caudal part兩部份
2. Right lung
表面有 oblique fissure斜裂, horizontal fissure水平裂 and cardiac notch
Cranial lobe前葉, middle lobe中葉, caudal lobe後葉 and accessory lobe副葉
3. Impression and groove

29. Left lung

30. Right lung

31. Bronchial tree Principal bronchus主支氣管 bronchi支氣管
lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)
segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi)
large subsegmental bronchi
small subsegmental bronchi
bronchiole細支氣管
terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct肺泡管
alveolar sac肺泡囊

41. 試描繪左或右任一肺之外形、壓跡及分葉情形。
解剖步驟
先移除兩側胸壁（1～8肋骨）
觀察胸膜及胸膜腔之構造後，取下兩側肺臟（由肺門處縱切）
觀察左右肺臟之外觀、分葉情形及表面壓迹，比對胸膜囊內之相對構造
觀察胸膜在胸膜囊內之分佈情形（注意各反褶位置及隱窩） 作業
試描繪左或右任一肺之外形、壓跡及分葉情形。