2. WHAT IS PRESENT PERFECT? IS IT PRESENT? IS IT PAST? NO NO

3. PRESENT PERFECT IS A

4. BEFORE NOW AND

5. BEFORE NOW AND I LIV ED IN LONDON I LIVE IN LONDON I’VE LIVED IN LONDON FOR 10 YEARS

6. PRESENT PERFECT Expresses what has happened at an unspecified time before now. What matters is not when something happened but the result of it.

7. BEFORE NOW Unspecified time before now: EVER and NEVER EVER NEVER Ex: Have you ever been to London? I’ve never been there

8. She has made a wonderful birthday cake He has just arrived from a holiday We don’t care WHEN she made it. What matters is the result. We can see the result. (He’s still at the airport with his luggage) Result

9. BEFORE NOW She has made a cake He has just arrived Present Perfect

10. SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT? BEFORE NOW I met John yesterday. Claire moved to Florida three years ago. Lucy was ill last week. Shakespeare wrote lots of plays. NO relation between past and present SIMPLE PAST

11. SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT? BEFORE NOW I have met John recently. Claire has moved to Florida. Lucy has been ill lately. Shakespeare has written the best plays ever. We don’t know when exactly, any time on the timeline timeline PRESENT PERFECT

12. Why is Present Perfect difficult? Italian usage differs from English usage. In Italy, especially in the North of the Country, present perfect is widely employed to talk about the past. In Italian, actions which begin in the past and continue to the present are expressed by the simple present.

13. Actions which begin in the past and continue to the present are expressed by the Simple Present. Lo conosco da 10 anni Abita a Londra da maggio Da quanto tempo Kate lavora a Milano? Ho mal di testa da questa mattina. Da quanto sei qui? SimplePresentSimplePresent ITALIAN

14. Actions which begin in the past and continue to the present are expressed by the Present Perfect. I have known him for 10 years He has lived in London since May. How long has Kate worked in Milan? I have had a headache since this morning. How long have you been here? ENGLISH PresentPerfectPresentPerfect

15. End of Part one