1. 16. “Second Generation” Peacekeeping Part II

2. 13. “Second Generation” Peacekeeping II Learning Objectives – Identify the challenges faced in Somalia – Understand the politics of peacemaking and peacekeeping – Understand the operational challenges – Apply the “second generation” Model

3. 16.1. The Conflict in Somalia Independence in 1960

4. 16.1. The Conflict in Somalia Independence in 1960 The presidency of Siad Barre, 1969 - 1991

5. 16.1. The Conflict in Somalia Independence in 1960 The presidency of Siad Barre, 1969 – 1991 Fragmentation

6. 16.1. The Conflict in Somalia Independence in 1960 The presidency of Siad Barre, 1969 – 1991 Fragmentation Humanitarian disaster

7. 16.2. Peacemaking and Peacekeeping The United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) authorized 24 April 1992

8. 16.3. The Creation of UNITAF The Unified Task Force authorized 3 December 1992

9. U.S. Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger “if the SC were to decide to authorize member states to use forceful means to ensure the delivery of relief supplies to the people of Somalia, the US would be ready to take the lead in organizing and commanding such an operation …”

10. UN Secretary General Botrous Boutros-Ghali "The United States has undertaken to take the lead in creating the secure environment which is an inescapable condition for the United Nations to provide humanitarian relief and promote national reconciliation and economic reconstruction, objectives which have from the outset been included in the various Security Council resolutions on Somalia."

11. 16.3. The Creation of UNITAF The Unified Task Force authorized 3 December 1992 UNITAF deploys (9 December 1992)

12. 16.3. The Creation of UNITAF The Unified Task Force authorized 3 December 1992 UNITAF deploys (9 December 1992) Political problems with UNITAF

13. 16.4. UNOSOM II UNITAF hands over mission to UNOSOM II on 4 May 1993

14. 16.4. UNOSOM II UNITAF hands over mission to UNOSOM II on 4 May 1993 UNOSOM II and Aideed

15. 16.4. UNOSOM II UNITAF hands over mission to UNOSOM II on 4 May 1993 UNOSOM II and Aideed The U.S. and the “CNN effect”