1. Taiwan Linguistic Summer Institute 2008, July 11, Friday Narrative and Discourse Analysis III Day 3 Michael Bamberg Ph.D. Dept of Psychology Clark University mbamberg@clarku.edu

2. Narrative and Discourse Analysis III Overview: Narrative Performance including Visual Data (and the analysis thereof)     In the form of 

3. bodies The Body--bodies contextual embodiments Overall Make-Up –dress, hair (shaved/beard), ring, tattoo… MovementMovement –body as whole; parts: head, legs, arms --- –Posture: standing, walking, sitting (mode of) Gestures movement –arm, hand (fist), finger (movement) Facial “expressions” –eye-gaze changesdirection, eye-movements (blinks, winks), changes movement –smile, frowning, lip-biting, tongue movement Always in full coor- dination dination with with speech speech

4. posture Sitting Legs crossed Hands in lap Hands ‘busy’ Gaze downward Arms resting on arms of chair Surroundings: -Vase - Paper/journals -etc.

5. gaze

6. The COORDINATION of Gesture and Gaze Hand Gesture Gaze Gaze AND hand gesture

7. Gesture, posture + gaze In coordination with referring to the same referent (a pink box with a dress in it) and the action of placing it on the top of the trunk of a car

8. Lip-biting coordinated with gaze followed and preceded by other facial expressions COORDINATED WITH SPEECH COORDINATED WITH SPEECH

9. Twice-told Tales Twice-told Tales questions to be raised: How come//why the two versions differ? –What ARE the differences? descriptivedescriptive assessment Do we actually have the same story? –What IS the story what is it aboutwhat is it about (theme//topic//content) why is it toldwhy is it told (what is it that is being made relevant)? –relevant for audience (currently + in general)? –relevant for self of narrator (currently + in general)? Sameness and Differences –How can we assess sameness + difference?

10. Let’s look for: Differences in content/aboutness (theme) Structural differences Performance differences –delivery//style//body (gesture, gaze, facial expression) Positioning Positioning as cutting across these dimensions

11. in addition: use of ‘reported’//‘constructed’ speech use of ‘detail’ (micro-stuff) use of gesture, posture, gaze + facial expression (micro-expressions) verbs of knowing, remembering, linkages, vagueness, hedges,etc… (micro-expressions)

12. Show both CLIPS

13. about a dressa dress –buying and losing an expensive dress on the same day BettyBetty –Going from not pretty to pretty to not pretty (all in the same day) transience/fleetingness of beauty, attraction & lifesymbolically//allegorically: about the transience/fleetingness of beauty, attraction & life

14. What is made relevant? Why is it shared//told? entertainment things that happened to me lesson to be taught (about beauty/life) –lesson that I learnt –lesson that you may want to know (helpful) things that I haven’t resolved

15. structurally Six segments/episodes –Setting (invitation to ball --- needs a dress) –Buying a dress (transformation into being pretty) –At the Italian family (acclamation; loading car) –Going to second family (loss of dress; discovery) –Search (unsuccessful - no resolution) –Conclusion (goes to ball - ‘regret’)

16. TABLE IV: Use of THERE, THIS and THAT in both Versions: Version AVersion B there 10 7 this 8 1 that 3 8

17. TABLE V: Use of SO and BECAUSE in both Versions: Version AVersion B and (and then) 88 (2) 78 but 9 3 so 14 5 because/that’s why 5 10

18. TABLE VII: Commitments: thinking, knowing, remembering, ‘being vague’ or ‘certain’: Version AVersion B I knew 0 3 I don’t know 1 6 I didn’t know 1 1 I think 4 4 I mean 1 8 I guess 1 5

19. Version AVersion B I remember 4 9 because/that’s why 5 10 really 3 11 sort of 8 15 kind of 4 7 probably 0 3 maybe 1 1 you know 27 28 suddenly* 3 3

20. use of ‘reported’ /constructed speech use of ‘detail’ use of gesture, posture, gaze + facial expression

21. Overall Conclusions What can we take away from this all?