1. Executive Master Intercultural Communication Lugano 2012 Modul Fleiner First Class European Solutions

2. The different solutions of European Constitutions with regard to their diversities

3. Specific Problems: Composed Nations Germany Belgium the German People have adopted, by virtue of their constituent power, this Constitution. Belgium is made up of three Communities: the French Community, the Flemish Community, and the German- speaking Community.

4. Belgium Article 2 [Communities¨] Belgium is made up of three Communities: the French Community, the Flemish Commu- nity, and the Germanspeaking Community. Article 1 Federal State Belgium is a Federal State made up of Communities and Regions Article 3 [Regions] Belgium is made up of three Regions: the Walloon Region, the Flemish Region, and the Brussels Region. Article 4 [Linguistic Regions] (1) Belgium has four linguistic regions: the French- speaking Region, the Dutch-speaking Region, the bilingual Region of Brussels-Capital, and the German-speaking Region.

5. Turky Croatia of one's own state, based on the Croatian nation's historical right to full sovereignty, The recognition that all Turkish citizens are united in national honour and pride, in national joy and grief, in their rights and duties towards their existence as a nation, in blessings and in burdens, and in every manifestation of national life, and that they have the right to demand a peaceful life based on absolute respect for one another's rights and freedoms, mutual love and fellowship, and the desire for, and belief, in "Peace at home, peace in the world

6. Serbia PREAMBLE: CONSCIOUS OF THE STATE TRA- DITION OF THE SERBIAN PEOPLE AND DETERMINED TO ESTABLISH THE EQUALITY OF ALL THE PEOP- LES LIVING IN SERBIA, THE CITI- ZENS OF SERBIA, AS PART OF THE EUROPEAN FAMILY OF NA- TIONS, AND WITH A PLEDGE FOR MODERN DEMOCRATIC STATE BASED ON PEACE, TOLERANCE, RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS, ON THE RULE OF LAW AND SOCIAL JUSTICE, Persons belonging to a national minority shall have special rights which they exercise individually or in community with others.

7. WE, THE MEMBERS OF THE HUNGARIAN NATION, at the beginning of the new millennium, with a sense of responsibility for every Hungarian, hereby proclaim the following: We are proud that our king Saint Stephen built the Hungarian State on solid ground and made our country a part of Christian Europe one thousand years ago…. The nationalities living with us form part of the Hungarian political community and are constituent parts of the State. We commit to promoting and safeguarding our heritage, our unique language, Hungarian culture, the languages and cultures of nationalities living in Hungary, along with all man-made and natural assets of the Carpathian Basin.

8. Russia Bosnia Bosniacs, Croats, and Serbs, as constituent peoples (along with Others), and citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina hereby determi- ne that the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina is as follows: We, the multinational people* of the Russian Federation, united by a common destiny on our land,

9. Switzerland Spain We the Swiss People and Cantons … are determined to live our diver- sity in unity respecting one another;.. Art. 2 Purpose It (Switzerland) shall promote..the cultural diversity of the country The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation, the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards, and recognizes and guarantees the right to autonomy of the nationalities and regions

10. European Union DETERMINED to lay the founda- tions of an ever closer union among the PEOPLE‘S of Europe, RESOLVED to establish a citizenship common to nationals of their countries, RESOLVED to continue the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, (Consolidat.Treaties)

11. Treaty of European Union (Lisbon) 16. Declaration on Article 53(2) of the Treaty on European Union The Conference considers that the possibility of pro- ducing translations of the Treaties in thelanguages mentioned in Article 53(2) contributes to fulfilling the objective of respecting the Union's rich cultural and lin- guistic diversity as set forth in the fourth subparagraph of Article 2(3). In this context, the Conference confirms the attachment of the Union to the cultural diversity of Europe and the special attention it will continue to pay to these and other languages.

12. This Treaty marks a new stage in the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as openly as possible and as closely as possible to the citizen. Treaty EU Common Provisions Art. 2 — to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of the nationals of its Member States through the introduction of a citizenship of the Union;

13. Article 17 (ex Article 8) 1.Citizenship of the Union is hereby establi- shed. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall comple- ment and not replace national citizenship. 2. Citizens of the Union shall enjoy the rights conferred by this Treaty and shall be subject to the duties imposed thereby.

14. Preamble Draft of European Constitution Convinced that, while remaining proud of their own national identities and history, the peoples of Europe are determined to transcend their ancient divisions and, united ever more closely, to forge acommon destiny, Convinced that, thus "united in its diversity", Europe offers them the best chance of pursuing, with due regard for the rights of each indi- vidual and in awareness of their responsibilities towards future generations and the Earth, the great venture which makes of it a special area of human hope, Grateful to the members of the European Convention for having prepared this Constitution on behalf of the citizens and States of Europe,

15. Ethiopian Constitution PREAMBLE We, the nations, nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia: Determined to build by the exercise of our right to self -determination, for ourselves and of our own free will, a single political community which is based on our common consent and the rule of law so as to ensure lasting peace, an irreversible and thriving democracy and and accelerated economic and social development for our country Ethiopia;