1. Chapter 10 Plant Anatomy & Physiology Michael G. Simpson
Study of tissue and cell structure of plants.
(In zoology, anatomy is study of internal organs; histology is study of tissues/cells.)
Plant Physiology
Study of metabolic processes in plants.

2. Cell Theory All of life is composed of 1 or more cells.
Cells arise only from pre-existing cells, via cell division or cell fusion.
Cells are units of metabolic processes.
Each cell contains set of hereditary information (DNA), transferred from cell to cell, coding for structural & functional features.

3. ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
storage high energy carbs.
transport &
modification
storage: pigments, acids, ergastic substances
contains DNA
structural support
respiration
cell recognition, transport
photosynthesis
protein synthesis & transport of materials
ribosomes: site of protein synthesis

4. Ergastic Substances: not actively metabolized (storage/waste)
aleurone grains: protein
Ergastic Substances: not actively metabolized (storage/waste)
oil bodies
amyloplasts (starch grains):
alpha-1,4-glucopyranoside
chromoplasts
druses
raphides
styloids
prismatics
crystals (Ca-oxalate; silica)

5. mainly cellulose: beta-1,4-glucopyranoside
cell wall
mainly cellulose: beta-1,4-glucopyranoside

6. lignin - secondary cell wall
function?

8. Cell differentiation: 1) Cell expansion (elongation)
meristem - region of actively dividing cells 1) apical (shoot & root); ) lateral (vascular & cork cambia)
Cell differentiation:
1) Cell expansion (elongation)
2) Cell maturation / specialization

9. Plant Tissues & Cell Types
= group of cells with common function or structure.
Three broad tissue types:
1) Dermal - outside layer(s)
2) Vascular - conduction
3) Ground - between dermal and vascular
Simple vs. Complex Tissue:
1 versus 2 or more cell types

10. Ground Tissue Parenchyma: Gen. metabol. 1) Isodiametric to elongate
2) Primary cell wall
3) Living
Collenchyma: support
1) Elongate
2) Primary cell wall thick, uneven, rich in pectins
3) Living

11. Ground Tissue Sclerenchyma 1) Secondary cell wall (+ primary)
2) Dead at maturity (usually)
Fibers
Elongate, sharply tapering

12. Ground Tissue Sclerenchyma 1) Secondary cell wall (+ primary)
2) Dead at maturity (usually)
Sclereids
Isodiametric to irregular

13. Vascular Tissue Xylem Water & mineral conduction
Tracheary elements + parenchyma + sclerenchyma
Phloem
Sugar conduction
Sieve members + parenchyma + sclerenchyma
- Both complex tissues

14. Tracheary Elements Tracheids - Imperforate Vessels - Perforate
Angiosperms (most)
Gnetales
A few Monilophytes

15. Sieve Elements
Sieve cells - No sieve plates Sieve tube members - Sieve plates
Apomorphy of Angiosperms

16. Dermal & Secretory tissues & cells
Epidermis
Glands
Stomates
Nectaries
Laticifers

17. Dermal tissues: Trichome anatomy
Epidermis

19. ROOT (l.s.) Protective root cap Absorptive root hairs
root apical meristem
ROOT (l.s.)
Protective root cap
Absorptive root hairs

20. 3) Give rise to new roots endogenously (from within)
ROOT (c.s.)
3) Give rise to new roots endogenously (from within)

21. Casparian Strip
Function: forces fluids from outside through plasma membrane = selective absorption

23. SPOROPHYTIC
SHOOT

24. Stems: Give rise to leaves exogenously
Do not have a protective “cap” of cells
Do not have root hairs (but may have trichomes)

25. Stelar types
eustele
atactostele

26. Protoxylem maturation

27. Vascular cambium - a lateral meristem

30. Conifers: non-porous

31. Ring porous Diffuse porous

32. Wood Ray Anatomy

33. Leaf anatomy

34. Stomata

35. C3 Photosynthesis

36. Kranz anatomy

37. C4 Photosynthesis

38. CAM photosynthesis