1. EH 205 FALL 2009 Cancer review session Carlos O. Mendivil-Anaya, MD

2. Neoplasia Tumor Cancer, carcinoma Sarcoma Lymphoma Leukemia New growth: Includes benign disease Swelling: Includes benign disease Malignancy of epithelial origin Malignancy of mesothelial origin Malignancy of lymphoid organs Malignancy of blood cells (usually WBC) Jargon

4. Lethality

5. Cancers with potential for screening Breast Cervical Prostate Colorectal Mammography Cervical smear cytology (Pap smear) Serum PSA Flexible sigmoidoscopy Fecal occult blood test

6. Stages of cancer

8. The cell cycle

9. Genetic origin of cancer (proto) Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes

10. Chemotherapy agents target the cell cycle

11. Genetic Predisposition (familiar mutations) Chemical Carcinogenesis Excessive hormonal stimulus Ionizing Radiation Light (Ultraviolet Radiation) Repeated localized trauma Tumor Viruses (Oncogenic viruses) - HIV/Epstein-Barr virus - Human Papilloma Virus - Hepatitis B Virus Etiology of cancer

12. Carcinogenic mechanism of retroviruses

13. The key role of angiogenesis

14. Some cancers are hormone-sensitive

15. And some others are driven by environmental factors

16. Metastases prefer some organs

17. Chemotherapy can be highly toxic