1. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 1 Table of contents: - General school system in Germany - Technology education in German general schools - Definition of “Technique“ and Technology understanding - Objectives of “Technology“ courses in Gymnasia - Course contents and structure - Examples and pictures Seminar Overview to the technology courses in the general schools in Germany with a special focus on North-Rhine/Westphalia

2. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 2 Germany – Structure of the formal education system Grundschule: Primary School Hauptschule: Secondary Modern School Realschule: Secondary Level School Gesamtschule: Comprehensive School Gymnasium: Grammar School Germany, 1998 37%

3. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 3 Responsible for University education: Ministry for Innnovation and Research / Düsseldorf General School education: Ministry for School and Further Training / Düsseldorf 16 Federal States in Germany:  16 Different Ministries for University Education  16 Different Ministries for School Education

4. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 4 Result: 5 different school types X 16 different Federal states in Germany ≈ up to 90 different curricula and school guidelines!!!

5. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 5

6. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 6 Technology education in Germany e.g. NORTH-RHINE- WESTPHALIA 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 e.g. BAVARIA e.g. Comprehensive School e.g. Gymnasia Grammar School 5 School Types 16 Federal States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no Technique Blank: not existing _ _ Part of an Area of Intergration Only optional-compulsary subject Compulsary Subject Date: Autumn 1993 ! Summer 2002 : Compulsary Subject!

7. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 7 I.Linguistic-literary-artistic field GermanFrench Italian MusicRussianLatin ArtSpanishGreek EnglishDutchHebrew Fields and subjects in the Gymnasia of North-Rhine-Westphalia II.Sociological field HistorySocial sciencesLaw GeographyPhilosophyEducational science Psychology III.Mathematical-natural scientific-technical field MathematicsPhysicsDietetics BiologyInformatics ChemistryTechnique Religious education Sports : Science-orientation / Theory-experiment

8. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 8

9. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 9  Technique is using material (Stoff S), energy (E) and information (I) from nature  Technique is realized under economical and social conditions and optimizes between the technical makable, economical acceptable, social desirable  Technique consists of objects and processes  Technique is oriented to the objective: shaping the environment by man for man Definition of “Technique” and Technology understanding Problem: Huge field of technical artefacts Solution: System Model  Scientific approach to a „General Technique“

10. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 10 System model

11. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 11  Objectives of Technology education at the Gymnasia  The introduction in technical thinking and actioning  To acquire the basis for an appropriate, reflecting and responsible- minded behaviour in technical orientated situations.  Area I: Professional contents  Area II: Learning in context  Area III:Methods and forms of acting independently  To acquire technical-scientifc fundamentals and special technical knowledge Technology education and general objectives and methods of Gymnasium  Objectives of Technology in 3 Areas. Combination

12. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 12  Matrix of the Atributes S, E, I with the Functions Transformation, Transport, Storage  Area I:Professional contents  Methods of technology  Technical systems  Interactions of technical systems with nature and society

13. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 13 Material S Energy E Information I Transformation Transport Storage Thermal power station Photovoltaic Elektrolysis Interconnected electric network District heat supply pipeline network Storage power plant Batteries Night storage heater Codification systems Telephone Robotics Radio telephony Optical waveguide Telemetry Internet/Intranet Hard disk, CD Magnetic tape SPS (stored program control) Pipeline, Crude oil carrier, Overland transport Conveyor systems High-bay warehouse Garbage dump Hydrogen tank Plant for biogas Thermal separation processes Blast furnace process Functions   Attributes Examples of concrete technical systems and components Supply and disposal Transport and traffic Information and communication Automation  Area II: Learning in context

14. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 14  to be able to structure information and material in a scientific manner,  being able to choose and plan a task independently,  to be able to use methods of information gathering problem orientated and time-economical,  to be able to present the solutions either written down or verbatile in a clear manner.  to be able to evaluate different solutions of a problem,  Area III: Methods and forms of acting independently Objectives :

15. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 15 Topics 17Automation of telephone call connection 1Waste separation 2Solar-hydrogen-technology 3Supply with electricity 4Production of fuels from crude oil 5District heat supply of a region 6Rape-oil as alternative for fuels 7Photovoltaic 8Electricity supply with an interconnected net 9Logistics for production 10The railway - a rail-bound transport system 11Voltage- and frequency-regulated electricity supply 12Security- and alarm-technique 13Telemetry 14Lining of computers 15Driverless transport vessels 16Robots List of possible topics in the courses structuring according to the Areas I-III

16. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 16 List of 17 possible topics in the courses structuring according to the Areas I-III Intergration in a course Sequence of a course from the classes 11 to 13

17. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 17 Sequence 3 ClassTopicsArea I: Levels Area II: Fields of applications Area III: Methods Phase of introduction 11 Security- and alarm- techniques (quarterly period) Methods of technique/Information transformation Information and communication Construction exercises Production exercises Railway (quarterly period) Professional systems/Material transformation Transport and trafficProject Electricity supplyProfessional systems/Energy transformation Supply and disposalConstruction exercises Phase of qualification 12 Electricity grid netInteractions/ Energy transformation Transport and trafficReport Excursion 12 FuelsProfessional system/Material transformation Supply and disposalConstruction exercises 13 Computer networksProfessional systems/Information transformation Information and communication Production exercises Report 13 RobotsMethods of technique/Information transformation AutomationProject Sequence 3 as an example for the courses in the classes 11 to 13

18. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 18 Helmholtz-Gymnasium/Essen: Theory and Practice – Hand in Hand, class 11

19. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 19 Helmholtz-Gymnasium/Essen: Pupils installing a computer, class 12/13

20. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 20 Helmholtz-Gymnasium/Essen: Water heater and energy balance, class 9/10

21. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique 2nd November 2006, Gazi University, Ankara/Turkey 21 Thank you for your attention!