1. NATIONALISM AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR Dr. Carolyn Boyd

2. I. What is nationalism? An ideology with three elements: 1. the nation is a community 2. each nation should have its own state 3. the nation has the highest claim on individual loyalty and identity

3. I. What is nationalism? Who belongs to the nation? That is, who is a citizen? Two understandings of citizenship and the nation: 1. Voluntary, civic or constitutional nationalism 2. Involuntary, or ethno-cultural nationalism 3. Boundaries and binary thinking

4. I. What is nationalism? Political and social purposes of nationalism Nations are “built” or constructed, not naturally occurring phenomena

5. II. Nationalism and the Origins of the First World War Germany and Italy and the European balance of power Imperial rivalries Nationalist movements in the Balkans Nationalization of the masses in Western Europe Nationalism and military conscription

6. Europe 1914

7. III. Nationalism and Total War Nationalism and mobilization Nationalism and civil liberties Nationalism and demonizing of the enemy

8. Nationalism and mobilization

13. Nationalism and civil liberties

14. Nationalism and demonizing of the enemy

16. Nationalism and the Postwar Settlements Wilson’s Fourteen Points Nationalism and the crisis of liberal democracy in postwar Europe

17. Wilson’s Fourteen Points -Synopsis 1. Open covenants, openly arrived at 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Free trade 4. Arms reduction consistent with domestic security 5. Adjustment of colonial claims, taking into account interests of the populations concerned 6. Evacuation of Russian territory; independent determination of its own political development 7. Evacuation of Belgium and restoration of its sovereignty 8. Evacuation of French territory and restoration of Alsace-Lorraine 9. Readjustment of Italian frontiers along lines of nationality 10. Autonomous development of peoples of Austria-Hungary; preservation of Empire 11. International settlement of Balkan conflicts; Serbian access to sea 12. Autonomous development of peoples under Turkish rule; free passage through Dardanelles 13. Independent Polish state, with access to sea 14. League of Nations

18. Post-War Boundaries