1. DSS: Decision Support Systems and AI: Artificial Intelligence
DSS: Decision Support Systems and AI: Artificial Intelligence
In Business

2. I’m ready to do some business
AI in Business
I’m ready to do some business
Some Commercial Applications
Decision Support
Expert Systems
Information Retrieval
Virtual Reality
Robotics

3. Overview of AI Goal of AI AI pioneered by Computer Science
develop computer systems that exhibit intelligence or simulate the ability to think
AI pioneered by Computer Science
But, AI involves a combination of
Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics,Engineering

4. What really is Intelligence?
Specifically, what are the signs of Intelligent Behavior?
Think about it for a while

5. Which of the following is the best example of intelligent behavior?
Ability to add numbers
Ability to see and recognize objects
Ability to adapt to surroundings
Ability to learn for mistakes 10

6. What really is Intelligence?
You are about to start an online chat (IM) with two entities:
One entity is a human
The other is a computer
After hours of conversation, you can not tell which entity is a computer.
Does this mean the computer is Intelligent?

7. Intelligent Behavior
What are some of the signs, attributes, or characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

8. Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior
Learn from experience & apply the knowledge
Computer can automatically improve performance based on Experience
Machine Learning
Computational Learning

9. Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior
Handle complex situations
Computer Systems can often handle complexity better than humans
Consider a process control system that must simultaneous track 100 different system variables.

10. Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior
Solve problems when important information is missing
Computer Systems can find patterns and deal with all sorts of missing information

11. Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior
React quickly & correctly to new situations; Acquire & Apply Knowledge
Here is where computers start to fail.
Adapting to completely new situations is a problem for computer systems.
Its very difficult to design a computer system that can combine, connect, and acquire knowledge to solve completely new problems

12. Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior
Determine what is important.
Exhibit creativity and imagination
Process visual information efficiently
Use reason to solve problems
These are some other Characteristics that humans possess.
Computer systems have a lot of catching up to do.

13. Which of the following do computer need to catch up on?
Determine what is important.
Exhibit creativity and imagination
Process visual information efficiently
Use reason to solve problems 10

14. AI in Business AI continues to improve and evolve.
Scientists and Engineers are pushing the envelope of what is possible.
In Business, there is a better understanding of the capabilities of Intelligent Computer Systems
It is important to know which types of problems are suited for humans, and which are suited for Computers.

15. Human Intelligence vs. AI
Attribute
Human Intelligence
Artificial
Intelligence
Use a variety of information sources
High
Ability to acquire large amounts of external info.
Medium
Ability to do rapid, accurate, and complex calculations
Low
Ability to transfer information rapidly

16. Human Intelligence vs. AI
Attribute
Human Intelligence
Artificial
Intelligence
Ability to use sensors or senses
High
Medium
Creativity or imagination
Low
Ability to learn from experience
Ability of be adaptive

17. AI: Application Domains

18. AI: Commercial Domains
Decision Support
Integrating the advantages of AI with Human Intelligence.
More intelligent Interfaces
More intelligent processing for massive data

19. AI: Commercial Domains
Information Retrieval
Automatic simplification for massive data
Natural language technology: computer can speak our language.

20. AI: Commercial Domains
Virtual Reality
Better training environment from pilots to doctors
Robotics
Bringing the precision and speed of computers into the physical world
Goes beyond manufacturing and assembly lines; Baggage Inspection, Bomb Removal, Replacement Limbs.

21. Expert Systems
The idea is to inject expert knowledge in to a computer system.
The primary purpose is to automate decision making.
The decision environments have structure
The alternatives and goals are often established in advance.

22. Expert Systems vs. DSS Expert System
Inject expert knowledge in to a computer system.
Automate decision making.
The decision environments have structure
The alternatives and goals are often established in advance.
The expert system can eventually replace the human decision maker.
Decision Support System
Extract or gain knowledge from a computer system
Facilitates decision making
Unstructured environment
Alternatives may not be fully realized yet
Use goals and the system data to establish alternatives and outcomes, so a good decision can be made

23. DSS’s are interactive and ad hoc
What is the biggest difference between a Decision Support System and an MIS
DSS’s are interactive and ad hoc
DSS’s focus on transforming information into knowledge
MIS’s focus on transforming data into information
All of the above 10

24. What is the biggest difference between an MIS and TPS
in a TPS there is no analysis
an MIS focuses on reports
an TPS focuses on updating a database
All of the above 10

25. How is the analysis different for a MIS vs. DSS
MIS: Analysis involves computing aggregates
MIS: Analysis involves creating useful charts and graphs
DSS: Connects information with decisions
DSS: Builds scenarios 10

26. Some Interesting Applications of Expert Systems
Triage – Medical Diagnosis (Medical Expert System)
User enters symptoms
System makes diagnosis
Doctors collective expertise is captured in the system
Patriot Missile Guidance System
Radar identifies Scud missile
System steers Patriot missile to it intercepts Scud missile
Laws of physics, expert knowledge about missile trajectory is captured in the system
Financial Decision Making – Currency Trading

27. Expert System Categories
Decision Making
buy/sell
risk/no risk
rain/ no rain
Trouble Shooting / Diagnosis
Hello welcome to Dell; how can I help you?
Suddenly an idiot seems like an expert.
Selection/Classification
Tell me what you see, expert system figures out what it really is...
Process Monitoring and Control
Robot control, assembly-line control, missile control
Design/Configuration
Specify what you want, expert system figures out specifically how to do it.

28. Expert System Components
Expert System Software
User Interface
Engine
Knowledge base
user

29. Expert System Components
Expert System Software
User Interface
Engine
Knowledge base
user
Expert System Development Process
Knowledge Acquisition Program
Expert or Knowledge Engineer
Raw Data or Facts

30. Expert System Components
Non-expert
Robot
Missile
Expert System Software
Interface
Engine
Knowledge base
Expert System Development Process
Knowledge Acquisition Program
Expert or Knowledge Engineer
Raw Data or Facts

31. Expert System vs. DSS DSS Processes Someone with Knowledge
Someone with Knowledge
Decision Maker
DSS Software
Model Base
Analytical & Statistical Models
User Interface
Engine
DSS Processes
Data Management Extraction, Generation, Validation, etc.
Raw Data or Facts