1. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Course: PC 63 – the exceptional child Required Textbook: Human Exceptionality: School, Community, and Family, IDEA 2004 Update Edition, 8/e by Michael L. Hardman et al. Why you need this textbook: You will be tested from this book Reading Assignments

2. “This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over a network: preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.” Understanding Exceptionality Chapter One

3. Describing people with differences Labeling - used to identify people who differ from the accepted norm. Disorder- a general malfunction of mental, physical, or psychological perspective. Disability- a loss of physical, academic, or social functioning that interferes with typical growth and development. Handicap- a limitation imposed on the individual by environmental demands; an ability to adapt or adjust to these demands. Exceptional - an individual who substantially deviates, either higher or lower, from the norm

4. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Why are labels still used? To distinguish those who are eligible for services from those who are not. Funding may be dependant upon the number and types of individuals who are deemed eligible. Labels help professionals communicate Labeling - determines the degree of need and help set service priorities.

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6. When someone doesn’t conform to the norm The Developmental approach- deviations from what is considered normal physical, social, and intellectual growth. Normal development -characteristics among those individuals that occur most frequently at any given age.

7. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” When someone doesn’t conform to the norm The cultural approach - defines normal according to established cultural standards. Self labeling - labels may be self imposed. how we perceive ourselves, although these perceptions may not be consistent with those of others.

8. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Including people with disabilities in family and community settings History. Infanticide. Slavery. Physical abuse. Abandonment. Sterilization. Institutions. 1) focused on social control as they grew in size and financial resources dwindled. 2) Stripped away individual identities. 3) Organized treatment programs declined.

9. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - 1990 Civil rights legislation to prevent discrimination on the basis of disability in private sector employment, all public services, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications

10. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Definitions Having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits an individual in some major life activity, and having experienced discrimination. No exclusive list of specific impairments covered by ADA.

11. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Major provisions of the ADA The intent of ADA is to create a “fair and level playing field.” Reasonable accommodations in areas of: employment transportation public accommodations government telecommunications

12. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Making the ADA a reality Successful inclusion is based on two factors: The individual’s ability, with appropriate education and training, to adapt to societal expectations. The willingness of society to adapt to and accommodate individuals with differences. Access to adequate housing and a barrier free environment is essential for people with physical disabilities.

13. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Multidisciplinary perspectives Medical Model Normal = absence of biological problems. Pathological = alteration of an organism by disease. focuses primarily on biological issues. Nature versus Nurture Pinel versus Itard Victor – wild boy of Averyron

14. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Multidisciplinary perspectives Physicians need to refer patients to appropriate specialists. - psychologists - social workers - genetic counselors - physical therapists - occupational therapists

15. Psychology Overt acts and mental events of an organism that can be observed and evaluated. When behavior is not normal, it is labeled abnormal. Late 19 th and early 20 th centuries- examined conscious experiences. Wilhelm Wundt- the principle of introspection. William James- included learning, motivation, and emotions. John B. Watson shifted psychology from conscious experience to observable behavior and mental events. Abnormal behavior due to conditioning of the environment.

16. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Multidisciplinary perspectives Ecological approach - social and environmental stresses along with individual’s inability to cope, lead to psychological disturbances. Treatment of mental disorders. Behavior therapy. Rational-emotive therapy. Group psychotherapy. Family therapy. Client centered therapy.

17. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Multidisciplinary perspectives Sociology Unable to adapt to social rules or establish interpersonal relationships= deviant. Defined within the context of culture. Four principles determine deviance: Violation of social norms. Social deviance is not necessarily an illness. The range of behaviors defined as normal or deviant is determined by each culture. Social deviance - interaction of genetic makeup and individual experiences within the environment.

18. “Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006” Common terminology