1. Direct Reactions

2. Optical model Represent the target nucleus by a potential -- Attenuation length

3. Optical model Represent the target nucleus by a potential -- Attenuation length

4. Optical model completely elastic scattering completely absorbing nucleus partially absorbing nucleus transmitted waves incident waves scattered waves diffracted waves interference

5. Forward peaking in elastic scattering cross section (with absorption) (interference between transmitted wave and diffracted + scattered waves) Optical model predictions in agreement with experiment

6. Surface interaction model ~R nucleus constructive interference interference maxima  peaks in cross section plane wave At higher energies, no penetration

7. nuclear elastic (surface) scattering producing diffraction

8. Surface interaction model Estimates of nuclear radius Abrupt changes are significant

9. Stripping reactions d (Z,A) initial state (Z,A+1) p final state Especially useful in this case -- neutron beams are much harder to make and control.

10. 32 S + d  p + 33 S proton (spectator particles) typically goes forward Stripping reactions

11. The fission process (thermal) initial state compound nucleus fission fission fragments ~ 2.5 n/fission 6 delayed neutron groups - different lifetimes-

12. Fission fragment mass distributions

13.   decays

14. Fast neutron induced fission

15. gone…