1. Revolution and Enlightenment Part 1
12th Grade World History
Test Review

2. Inductive reasoning involved . . . .? (page 545)
Rationalism is the belief that ? (page 545)
Francis Bacon, who developed the scientific method, was a ….? (page 545)
Diderot’s Encyclopedia was used to….? (Page 549)
Rousseau argued that society should be governed by…? (page 551)

3. Francis Bacon’s scientific method was all of the following EXCEPT
a. a systematic procedure.
b. based on collecting and analyzing evidence.
c. reliant on the use of ancient authorities.
d. crucial to the evolution of science.

4. René Descartes believed in one absolute truth,
a. his own existence. c. the Ptolemaic system.
b. the existence of matter. d. planetary rotation.

5. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith gave all of the following roles to government EXCEPT
protection (the army).
economics (the bank).
defense (the police).
public works (roads and canals).

6. Rousseau believed in all of the following EXCEPT
a. balance of heart and mind.
b. rule by laws and government.
c. rule of the general will.
d. education fostering natural instincts.

7. Montesquieu’s ideas were used in which of the following?
a. religious reform
b. the United States Constitution
c. Ptolemy’s geocentric model
d. the theories of Copernicus

8. What discovery was made by Maria Winkleman?(page 543)
Regarding the increase in periodicals from 1700 to 1780, what class of people experienced the biggest increase in reading during this time? (page 552)
Who was the first to argue that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe? (page 540)
Francis Bacon, an English philosopher, believed scientists should…..? (page 545)

9. Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation
a. was denounced by the Anglican Church as the work of the Devil.
b. refuted Galileo Galilei’s theory of universal movement.
c. was laughed at by Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus.
d. showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe.

10. John Locke’s ideas suggest that people were ….? (page 546)
To Voltaire and many other philosophers, the universe was …? (page 548)
In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract, an entire society agrees to …. (page 551)
According to the ______________ system, the universe is a series of concentric spheres with Earth fixed at the center. ( page 540)

11. Galileo’s observations seemed to indicate that the heavenly bodies were composed of _______________ _______________ just like Earth, not pure _______ of ________. (page 540)
Who of the following wrote Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy, which presented a criticism of the belief that humans were the masters of nature?
Who has been rightly called the father of modern rationalism? (page 545)
Montesquieu’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his … . (page 548)

12. Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that …
Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that … . (page 550)
A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence is known as the _____ method. (page 545)
Which philosopher is noted for the statement “I think, therefore I am”? (page 544)
Who argued that every person was born with a tabula rasa, or blank mind? (page 546)
Who discovered that blood completes a circuit through the body? (page 542)

13. Essay Question:
Explain Descartes’ system of rationalism (page 542)