1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Lectures Based on Leadership Communication By Deborah J. Barrett, Ph.D. Developing Emotional Intelligence and Cultural Literacy

2. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 2 Discussion Topics  Understanding emotional intelligence (EI)  Appreciating personality differences  Improving interactive skills, such as  Non-verbal communication  Listening ability  Effective delivery of feedback  Developing an approach to cultural literacy  Defining culture  Using a cultural variables framework

3. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 3 Discussion Topics Understanding emotional intelligence (EI)  Appreciating personality differences  Improving interactive skills, such as  Non-verbal communication  Listening ability  Effective delivery of feedback  Developing an approach to cultural literacy  Defining culture  Using a cultural variables framework

4. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 4 EI Includes Understanding the Self and Others  Be aware of, understand, and express yourself  Be aware of, understand, and relate to others  Deal with strong emotions and control impulses  Adapt to change and solve problems of a personal or a social nature Emotional Intelligence is the ability to identify and manage emotions in ourselves and in others. Source: R. Bar-On and J.D.A. Parker, eds. 2000. Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

5. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 5 Leadership Styles Reveal and Influence EI Coaching Most strongly positive Positive Highly negative Visionary Affiliative Democratic Pacesetting Commanding Source: Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee. (2002). Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

6. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 6 Appreciating Personality Differences Assists in Establishing EI  Knowing your personality type and that of others can contribute to the emotional intelligence needed to lead and manage effectively.  One popular psychological profile that can be very useful in leading and managing is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).  The MBTI consists of four dichotomies in 16 combinations.

7. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 7 The MBTI Consists of Four Dichotomies How you make decisions Sensing (S) vs. iNtuition (N) How you interpret the world Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F) How you approach life and work Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P) How you are energized Extroversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)

8. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 8 Improving Non-Verbal Communication Ability Will Help Interactions To improve your non-verbal communication ability,  Assess your use of non-verbal communication critically  Learn as much as possible about any groups in which you will be interacting  Develop as much understanding and sensitivity to non-verbal cues as possible  Do not judge someone’s actions out of context or leave them unexplored when important to you or the organization

9. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 9 Learning to Listen Emphatically is Essential in Effective Interactions Source: Levels from Madelyn Burley-Allen. Listening: The Forgotten Skill. Level 3 – “Listening in spurts” Level 2 – “Hearing words, but not really listening” Level 1 – “Emphatic listening”

10. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 10 The Grow Model is One Effective Approach to Providing Feedback Agree on topic Agree on objectives Set long-term aim, if appropriate Commit to action Identify possible obstacles Make steps specific and define timing Agree on support Invite self-assessment Offer specific examples Avoid or check assumptions Discard irrelevant history Cover full range of options Invite suggestions Offer suggestions carefully Ensure choices are made Source: Max Landsberg, The Tao of Coaching RealityGoal Options Wrap-up

11. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 11 Discussion Topics Understanding emotional intelligence (EI) Appreciating personality differences Improving interactive skills, such as Non-verbal communication Listening ability Effective delivery of feedback  Developing an approach to cultural literacy  Defining culture  Using a cultural variables framework

12. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 12 Culture is Broader than Geography  “Culture is an integrated system of learned behavior patterns.... Culture refers to the total way of life... of particular groups of people.”  Culture includes –  Geographical and social characteristics and values, but also Source: O’Hara-Devereau, M. & Johansen, R. (1994). Globalwork: Bridging Distance, Culture, and Time. Jossey-Bass Publishers.  Gender, age, physical characteristics, profession, organizational function, and company structure.

13. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 13 Hofstede’s Layers of Culture Provides Further Clarification of the Term 1. A national level according to one’s country 2. A regional/and or ethnic and/or religious and/or linguistic affiliation level 3. A gender level, according to whether a person was born as a girl or as a boy 4. A generation level, which separates grandparents from parents from children Source: G. Hofstede (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw Hill.

14. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 14 Source: G. Hofstede (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw Hill. Hofstede’s Layers of Culture Provides Further Clarification of the Term (continued) 5. A social class level, associated with educational opportunities and with a person’s occupation or profession 6. For those who are employed, an organizational or corporate level according to the way employee have been socialized by their work organizations

15. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 15 Source: Adapted from O’Hara-Devereau, M. & Johansen, R. (1994). Globalwork: Bridging Distance, Culture, and Time. Jossey-Bass Publishers. Time Information flow You’ve got mail. Language Equality Power Using a Framework of Cultural Variables Helps Distinguish the Major Cultural Differences Context

16. Leadership Communication by Deborah J. Barrett Chapter 6 - 16 Discussion Summary  Leaders need to understand and develop emotional intelligence.  Understanding personality differences will enhance the ability to manage others.  Effective leadership communication requires strong interactive skills.  Having an approach to understanding cultural differences will assist a leader in communicating across cultures.