1. March 16, 2015 MEETBdDREN 2015 MEETBdDREN 2015 Dhaka University Disaster Management Initiatives in Bangladesh Mehedi Ahmed Ansary Professor Department of Civil Engineering, BUET & Founder Director BUET-JIDPUS

2. Disasters Affecting Bangladesh Bangladesh is beset by a myriad of natural disasters  Tropical cyclones  Tidal surges  Tornados  Floods  Droughts  Earthquakes  Large-scale riverbank erosion and  Man made

3. Savar Garments Factory Tragedy: April 11, 2005 Out of 200 person, Around 100 rescued, 65 died and few missing

4. Collapse of 9-storied RANA Plaza at Savar Bazar: April 24, 2013 Out of 4000 person, around 2500 rescued, 1130 died and rest are missing; Needed 21 days for debris removal an competent engineer The Building was approved for 6-storied in 2005, later the same authority approved it for 10 storied in 2008 without the signature of an competent engineer

5. Some recent fire incidents in Dhaka city have stimulated a detailed study on high rise buildings about fire safety and awareness with the help of BFSCD. RECENT SEVERE FIRE INCIDENTS IN DHAKA Fire engulfing the BSEC building Fire engulfing the Bashundhara Mall Fire engulfing the Nimtoli area

6. RECENT SEVERE FIRE INCIDENTS IN DHAKA Tazrin Garment Fire at Niscintapur : 112 died Hazaribag Slum Fire : 11 died

7. Manmade Landslides

8. Cyclones: 1970 - death 300,000 & loss over $2.5 billion 1991 – death 140,000 & huge loss $1.5 billion (Tidal surge - 10 m) (Tidal surge - 10 m)Floods: 1988 and 1998 brought immense suffering to the population. Agricultural production was disrupted and the country ’ s economy was severely affected in 1998, when nearly two thirds of the country was under water for three months. Tornadoes: 2004 – Netrokona & Haluaghat killing 69 and injuring 1200 people Major Natural Disasters Affecting Bangladesh

9. YearTidal Ht Max Wind Affected Population People Killed 1822---40,000 1876---10,000 1898---175,000 Nov 19703-7 m 224 kph 4,700,000300,000 April 19916-10 m 225 kph 10,000,000140,000 MAJOR CYCLONES SINCE 18 TH CENTURY November 2007 3-5 m 240 kph 90,00,000 4000 1960, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1985: All these Cyclones killed more than 10,000 people

10. Cyclone of November 1970 was the worst in living memory and the second worst was in April 1991

11. HIGH RISK AREA WIND RISK AREA

12. EventImpact 1954 floodsAffected 55% of country 1974 floodModerately severe, over 2,000 deaths, affected 58% of country, followed by famine with over 30,000 deaths 1984 floodInundated 52,520 sq-km, cost estimated at US$ 378 million 1987 floodsinundated over 50,000 sq-km, estimated damage US$ 1.0 billion, 2055 deaths 1988 floodsInundated 61% of country, estimated damage US$ 1.2 billion, more than 45 million homeless, between 2,000- 6,500 deaths 1998 floods Inundation 68%, 1,100 deaths, inundated nearly 100,000 sq-km, rendered 30 million people homeless, damaged 500,000 homes, heavy loss to infrastructure, estimated damage US$ 2.8 billion 2004 floodsInundation 38%, damage US$ 6.6 billion, deaths 700, affected people nearly 3.8 million

13. Tornados YEARMONTHLOCATION TOTAL DEATH OF PEOPLE TOTAL AFFECTED PEOPLE 1996MayTangail and Jamalpur,Barisal5001000 1997OctoberTongi505000 1998JulySirajganj - 25 1998AprilNilphimari210 1999MarchPanchagarh260 2000SeptemberSavar and Gazipur25 2001OctoberNilphamary,Lalmonirhat,Gaibandha,Rangpur district11463 2004AprilMoulvi Bazar - 60 2004AprilHaluaghat of Mymensingh,Netrokona,Purbadhala691200 2005MarchGaibandha,Rangpur465223 2006MarchBagerhat, Khulna4100

14. TORNADO OF APRIL 14, 2004 AT NETROKONA 69 killed & 1200 injured

15. TORNADO OF MARCH 22, 2013 AT BRAHMANBARIA 32 killed & 400 injured

16. Earthquakes  Bangladesh is susceptible to damaging earthquakes  No large earthquake has occurred in this region recently  Several large catastrophic earthquakes struck this area in the past few hundred years Event Name M I Dhaka Distance 1869 Cachar 7.5 V250 km 1885 Bengal 7.0 VII170 km 1897 Great Indian 8.7 VIII+230 km 8.0 Ambraseys, 2000 8.0 Ambraseys, 2000 1918 Srimangal 7.6 VI150 km 1930 Dhubri 7.1 V+250 km  During the 1897 earthquake 1542 people were killed  The 1993 Killari and 2001 Gujarat earthquakes in India worked as eye openers for Bangladesh

17. Earthquake Related Activities of Last Five YearsBUET   Offering postgraduate courses and short courses for professionals   University Linkage Projects   Post-earthquake surveys   Contribution to EERI’s World Housing Encyclopedia Project   Vulnerability assessment using RVS and questionnaire survey Government Agencies   Training manual and workshops by DMB   Earthquake drill and contingency plan of MoFDM   Participation in PEER, an USAID funded project for SAR   Actions undertaken by AFD, BMD, GSB & PWDBES   Workshops & seminars   Training programmes   Linkage programmes   Publication of manuals and guidelines  Procurement of some SAR equipment by Fire Department  Undergoing in Old Dhaka

18. SoD, Bangladesh (1999, 2010)

19. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES (A) COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (CDMP) (A) COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (CDMP)  Establishing a Programme, Policy and Partnership Development Unit (PPPDU).  Professional skill building of MoFDM and key implementing agency staff  Advocacy Programme  Training for national and sub-national officials of the government, NGO, and private sector  Programme Gap Analysis for Strategic Partnership  Community risk reduction programmes  Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund

20.  Urban Risk Research: Earthquake Emergency Response  Increasing capacity for mainstreaming climate change in disaster management and idea development  Establishing DMIC and strengthening information systems (b) CORPORATE PLAN OF MOFDM (2005-2009) The objective of this plan is to strengthen the capacity of the Bangladesh disaster management system to reduce unacceptable risks, to improve response and recovery management at all levels and to effectively integrate and manage the national food security system. c) CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (CPP) The goal of the CPP is “ to minimize loss of lives and properties in cyclonic disaster by strengthening the capacity in disaster management of the coastal people of Bangladesh ” EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (EPP) 62000 volunteers

21. Emergency Drill of CPP  Assist people in taking shelter. (56000 volunteers)  Rescue distressed people affected by a cyclone. (2500 shelters)  Provide first aid to the people injured by a cyclone

22. INITIATIVES OF FOREIGN DONOR AGENCIES AND NGOS (a)USAID Disaster Management activities under the P.L. 480 Title II development assistance programs implemented by CARE, World Vision Bangladesh and Save the Children Federation, USA. University linkage Program, a partnership between Virginia- Tech and Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET) in areas related to earthquake safety (b) ActionAid Establishing partnership for Disaster preparedness (PPDP) against the risk of flooding and earthquake in Bangladesh 2004 funded by ECHO.

23. Intensive community disaster preparedness programme for Bangladesh in 2000 and 2001, funded by ECHO. Now being implemented in Patuakhali with AAB’S own resources. Disaster Preparedness and Management and integrated Rural Development on the offshore chars of Bhola District in 1997-1999, funded by ECHO. ActionAid Bangladesh is also implementing long-term disaster response program in a number of districts. Nevertheless, Disaster response program is a cross cutting program with all other development programs. (c) OXFAM River basin programme in 5 southern Districts of Bramhaputra river basin (coordinated with similar work in India and Nepal). Regular community Based Disaster risk Management Project. DIPECHO funded Community Based Disaster Risk Management Project.

24. UNDP and DFID funded rehabilitation project-flood 2004. ECHO funded response and recovery project- flood 2004. (d) CARE · CARE Bangladesh has just completed a 5 year phase disaster management activities (October 1999 - September 2004) including preparedness and responses under integrated Food Security Program. · CARE Bangladesh has started another project namely SHOUHARDO in disaster vulnerable areas e.g. Char, Haor, Coastal areas for next five years (October 2004 -September 2009). · Under the SHOUHARDO program, disaster management activities will be implemented in the targeted areas along with other development programs.

25. (e) CONCERN Concern Bangladesh has been implementing the DP project from 2000 with funding from Development cooperation of lreland (DCI) and concern worldwide. In its implementation Concern Bangladesh worked through 25 formal and 42 informal partner NGOs and with the local government. (f) NARRI Consortium The global paradigm shift from post disaster management to pre- disaster management embraced a situation for a comprehensive and systematic approach towards disaster management. Acknowledging the need for a collaborative effort, six international NGOs viz. Action Aid, Concern Universal, Concern Worldwide, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Oxfam GB and Bangladesh, have established a consortium named National Alliance for Risk Reduction and Response Initiatives (NARRI). It started functioning in September 2010 with the aim to strengthen the disaster preparedness and risk reduction efforts in the country.

26. (g) WORLD BANK (2012-2013) The World Bank and the Government of Bangladesh (MoDM) has partnered with Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (EMI) to undertake the Bangladesh Urban Earthquake Resilience Project. The project will serve as the foundation for a government owned multi-year participatory process focused on improving institutional capacity for earthquake resilience of Bangladesh. Dhaka has been taken as a pilot application where several resilience elements are addressed such as earthquake hazard and vulnerability analysis, legal and institutional arrangements, risk-sensitive land use planning, data platform and information sharing, training and capacity building, and awareness raising. The project will build on existing initiatives in disaster risk reduction in Dhaka and establish a framework for bringing in multi- stakeholder inputs to improve the resilience of the city and its population to the impact of earthquake risks.

27. Roadmap for Building Urban Resilience in Bangladesh 27 (h) WORLD BANK (2015-2021)

28. Components Component A: Emergency Response Systems Improvements Component B: Addressing Risks in the Built Environment Component C: Supporting Improved Construction, Urban Planning and Development Component D: Project Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation

29. Component A: Emergency Response Systems Improvements  A1. Creation of National EOC  A2. Upgrade of FSCD Facilities and Equipment  A3. Creation of DRM Office, EOC and ICS Systems for Dhaka and Sylhet Goals: Operationalize the Disaster Management System Align along international standards

30. Component A : Component A : Emergency Response Systems Improvements Example: EOC in Istanbul, Turkey

31. Component B: Addressing Risks in the Built Environment B1. Understanding Risk and Vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure B2. Communicate Risk for a better mobilization of resources Goals: Protecting Critical Assets Mobilizing national resources and capacities Mobilizing national resources and capacities

32. Component B: Addressing Risks in the Built Environment Vulnerability and Retrofit of critical and essential public buildings Strengthening of Water, Gas and other critical lifelines.

33. Component B: Component B: Addressing Risks in the Built Environment Platform to access and share vital data to gain efficiency in DRR planning and implementation as well as in disaster response

34. Component C: Supporting Improved Construction, Urban Planning and Development  C.1. Improvements and Enforcement of Construction Codes and Standards  C.2. Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning and Hazards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment for Greater Dhaka  C.3. Creation of Urban Resilience Unit within RAJUK Goals: Ensuring all new construction is disaster resilient Improving planning system and land use plans

35. Component D: Project Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation  Measuring Project outputs and outcomes  Establishing Benchmark Indicators  Developing Implementation Mechanisms

36. BdREN can contribute  Disaster and Other Data Sharing Among Stakeholders  Data Collection by Incident Managers for taking proper decision

37. Thank You