1. MUSIC IN FICTION WEAVING THREADS OF SONG

2. PERIODS OF WESTERN MUSIC Medieval (Before 1400): Simple, Gregorian chant, organum, religious forms Renaissance (1420-1600) : religious and secular, the madrigal, polyphony Baroque (1600-1750): “large pearl”, opera, oratorios, dance music, Johann Sebastian Bach Classical (1750-1820): “classical music”, rules of music, symphonies, opera, concertos, Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn Romantic (1820-1900): music focusing on emotion, epic, storytelling, Wagner Opera, Wagner, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Berlioz, Tchaikovsky 21-Century (1900-Present): Breaking all the rules, jazz, modern music, new takes on classical music. Rachmaninoff, Bartok, Mahler, Debussy, Schoenberg, Stravinsky For More Information: http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/

3. HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN “Where words fail, music speaks.”

4. WHAT DOES MUSIC DO? Music for Celebration (weddings, birthdays, etc.) Music for Mourning (funerals, etc.) Music for Storytelling (oral tradition) Music as Art (concerts, recitals) Music for Worship (church, holidays) Music for Battle (war cries, sports, competitions) Music as a Messenger (influencing culture) Music as Entertainment (concerts, radio) Music as Inspiration (writers, artists, etc)

5. MUSICAL FEELINGS Major vs. Minor (some music sounds sad, some happy) Dynamics, (the changes in volume) Tempo (the speed) Instruments and Timbre (the quality of the sound: brass vs. strings) For more: http://www.musictheory.net / http://www.musictheory.net /

6. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN “Music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy.”

7. SECTIONS OF THE ORCHESTRA Brass: Tuba, French horn, trumpet, trombone Used for: fanfare, royalty, pomp Woodwind: Oboe, bassoon, flute, clarinet Used for: gentle, peaceful, jazzy Percussion: drums, etc Driving, excitement, accent, emphasis Strings: violin, viola, cello, string bass Intense emotion, mellow, supporting

8. THE ORCHESTRA

9. METER IN LYRICS When writing lyrics, you need to think about the meter of the lines. The meter is equal to the number of syllables on each line. A meter is often represented by a series of numbers: 868686 or 8888 Think about stressed and unstressed syllables, usually in groups of two or three, called “feet”. For example: x _ _/ x _ _/ x _ _/ x_ _

10. TYPES OF METER Foot TypeStyleStress PatternSyllable Count IambIambicU + STwo TrocheeTrochaicS + UTwo SpondeeSpondaicS + STwo AnapestAnapesticU + U + SThree DactylDactylicS + U + UThree AmphibrachAmphibrachicU + S + UThree Pyrrhic U + UTwo One foot = monometer Two feet = dimeter Three feet trimeter Four feet = tetrameter Five feet = pentameter

11. BERTHOLD AUERBACH “Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.”

12. RHYME SCHEME The “rhyme scheme” refers to the pattern to the rhymes at the end of each line. You can choose a traditional scheme, or none at all depending on the type of song. These are usually shown through pairs of matching letters. Examples: ABAB, AABB, ABABCDCD Put an “x” to show where things do not rhyme

13. COMMON TYPES OF SCHEMES ABAB XAXA AABB AAAA AXAA ABBA AXXA

14. OTHER NAMES Couplet = AA Triplet = AAA Ballade = ABABBCBC Limerick = AABBA Sonnet = ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

15. VICTOR HUGO “Music expressed that which cannot be said and on which it is impossible to keep silent.”

16. WHY INCLUDE MUSIC? It can help you tell the story, especially backstory. It can be a great world building tool. It can provide variety and spice. It can help invoke strong feelings such as wonder, horror, excitement.

17. WHY NOT INCLUDE MUSIC? It can break the narrative flow. It can be hard to get “just right”. It can be done “just because” or for the wrong reasons. Some people will skip over it no matter what.

18. LEAVE IT TO THEIR IMAGINATION? You can describe music without writing everything down. You avoid problems with copyright. Unless you are a gifted songwriter, your reader’s imagination might be better than what you can come up with on your own. You can describe the emotions associated with the music and other effects without talking about the music in detail.

19. PLATO “Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything.”

20. COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS You cannot use copyrighted lyrics without getting permission from the copyright holder. You can use anything that is in public domain, usually older texts. “Fair Use” may protect you, but it is still risky. Learn more at copyright.gov. Titles are not copyrighted, but play it safe.

21. MUSIC = MAGIC Music can be white magic or black magic. Evil magic The Pied Piper Mind Control The Lorelei, Seduction The Magic Flute, Black Magic Good Magic Tangled, Restoring Youth The Little Mermaid, Love The Ocarina of Time, All sorts of magic The Chronicles of Narnia/Lord of the Rings, Sleeping spells, others

22. MARTIN LUTHER “Beautiful music is the art of the prophets that can calm the agitations of the soul; it is one of the most magnificent and delightful presents God has given us.”

23. MUSIC HAS REAL POWER Can help motivate, calm, inspire. King Davis and King Saul It can send messages between those who do not speak the same language. It can enhance the memory of an event. It can help people learn. It reduces stress and improves health.

24. FOR MORE INFORMATION Music History: http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/ Music Theory: http://www.musictheory.net/http://www.musictheory.net/ Copyright Law: www.copyright.govwww.copyright.gov Quotes about Music: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_ music.html http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_ music.html

25. WHERE TO FIND ME: My site: http://www.writermike.com http://www.writermike.com Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/authormicha elyoung http://www.facebook.com/authormicha elyoung Twitter: @mdybyu Other: thesongoftherighteous.wordpress.com adventanthology.wordpress.com www.bigworldnetwork.com

26. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE “If music be the food of love, play on.”