1. 16.2Essential Question 16.2 Essential Question EQ >> Portfolio p92 > Portfolio p92 << What was life like for soldiers during the Civil War?

2. Copy the following chart on Portfolio Copy the following chart on Portfolio p91 Who Fought How They Were Trained What Hardships They Faced How New Technology Affected Soldiers

3. CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS Section 2 – Life in the Army Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, their military training, and the hardships of army life.

4. What is hygiene? Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that promote health.

5. What is drill?

6. What’s the difference between infantry and cavalry?

7. What We Already Know The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run thrilled the South.

8. What We Already Know Lincoln sent the 90- day militias home and called for a real army of 500,000 volunteers for three years.

9. What We Already Know Volunteers rushed to enlist on both sides, many fearing the war would be over before they could join the fight.

10. Those Who Fought 18-30-year-olds About half on both sides were farmers. Many were immigrants, especially from Germany and Ireland. African Americans saw the war as a way to end slavery. At first neither the North nor the South accepted blacks into their armies. Native Americans served on both sides.

11. Those Who Fought Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and almost 1 million serve the Confederacy?Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and almost 1 million serve the Confederacy? Adventure and gloryAdventure and glory Escape from boredomEscape from boredom Friends and neighbors were volunteering.Friends and neighbors were volunteering. Recruitment moneyRecruitment money Loyalty to their country or stateLoyalty to their country or state For blacks, to end slaveryFor blacks, to end slavery Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and almost 1 million serve the Confederacy?Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and almost 1 million serve the Confederacy? Adventure and gloryAdventure and glory Escape from boredomEscape from boredom Friends and neighbors were volunteering.Friends and neighbors were volunteering. Recruitment moneyRecruitment money Loyalty to their country or stateLoyalty to their country or state For blacks, to end slaveryFor blacks, to end slavery

12. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

13. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

14. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

15. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. A.Most were 18-30 years old. B.Many were immigrants. C.Most were farmers. D.Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. E.Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

16. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War? Choose the one that is NOT true!

17. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War? A.Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery. B.Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible. C.Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom. D.Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause. E.Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides. Choose the one that is NOT true!

18. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War? A.Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery. B.Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible. C.Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom. D.Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause. E.Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides. Choose the one that is NOT true!

19. Turning Civilians into Soldiers Lived in tents and log hutsLived in tents and log huts Heavily scheduled day of drill and dutiesHeavily scheduled day of drill and duties Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc. Problems with uniformsProblems with uniforms Food and supply problemsFood and supply problems Lived in tents and log hutsLived in tents and log huts Heavily scheduled day of drill and dutiesHeavily scheduled day of drill and duties Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc. Problems with uniformsProblems with uniforms Food and supply problemsFood and supply problems

20. Hardships of Army Life Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured hunger, cold, dirty living conditions, constant sickness, poor medical treatment, and bad hygiene.

21. Hardships of Army Life Soldiers exposed to the weatherSoldiers exposed to the weather Unsanitary campsUnsanitary camps Weeks between baths and clean clothesWeeks between baths and clean clothes Lice and fleas spread diseaseLice and fleas spread disease Poor hygiene led to illnessPoor hygiene led to illness Contaminated food and waterContaminated food and water Poor medical carePoor medical care More than twice as many soldiers died from disease than battle wounds.More than twice as many soldiers died from disease than battle wounds. Soldiers exposed to the weatherSoldiers exposed to the weather Unsanitary campsUnsanitary camps Weeks between baths and clean clothesWeeks between baths and clean clothes Lice and fleas spread diseaseLice and fleas spread disease Poor hygiene led to illnessPoor hygiene led to illness Contaminated food and waterContaminated food and water Poor medical carePoor medical care More than twice as many soldiers died from disease than battle wounds.More than twice as many soldiers died from disease than battle wounds.

22. So, why?

23. Antibiotics and antiseptics did not exist yet.

24. The problem was not a lack of knowledge about sterilization and cleanliness, it was the ability to stay sterile and have clean water for drinking, laundry, bandages, and sterilizing hands and instruments. * Water, or the lack of clean water, was the MAIN culprit.

25. Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all the following EXCEPT A.boredom and hunger. B.cold, dirty living conditions. C.constant sickness. D.poor medical treatment. E.incompetent military leadership. A.boredom and hunger. B.cold, dirty living conditions. C.constant sickness. D.poor medical treatment. E.incompetent military leadership.

26. Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all the following EXCEPT A.boredom and hunger. B.cold, dirty living conditions. C.constant sickness. D.poor medical treatment. E.incompetent military leadership. A.boredom and hunger. B.cold, dirty living conditions. C.constant sickness. D.poor medical treatment. E.incompetent military leadership.

27. What was the main cause of death in the Civil War? A.Suicide B.The Minié ball C.Snakebite D.Disease E.Ironclads A.Suicide B.The Minié ball C.Snakebite D.Disease E.Ironclads

28. What was the main cause of death in the Civil War? A.Suicide B.The Minié ball C.Snakebite D.Disease E.Ironclads A.Suicide B.The Minié ball C.Snakebite D.Disease E.Ironclads

29. 15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War? A.poor diet B.contaminated water and food C.exposure to cold and rain D.unsanitary conditions E.intentional exposure to germs by the enemy A.poor diet B.contaminated water and food C.exposure to cold and rain D.unsanitary conditions E.intentional exposure to germs by the enemy Choose the one that is NOT true!

30. 15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War? A.poor diet B.contaminated water and food C.exposure to cold and rain D.unsanitary conditions E.intentional exposure to germs by the enemy A.poor diet B.contaminated water and food C.exposure to cold and rain D.unsanitary conditions E.intentional exposure to germs by the enemy Choose the one that is NOT true!

31. Changes in Military Technology Rifles Minié balls Ironclads

32. Changes in Military Technology A rifle is a gun with a grooved barrel that causes a bullet to spin through the air, giving the bullet more distance and accuracy.

33. Accuracy of the old style smoothbore muskets had an effective range of 75-100 yards… The newer rifles had an effective range of 500+ yards.

34. 75-100 Yards Musket ROUND Ball – accurate range 400+ Yards Rifle Musket MINIE Ball – accurate range

35. Changes in Military Technology

36. A minié ball is a bullet with a hollow base, which expands upon firing to fit the grooves in the rifle barrel.

37. 75% of soldiers who received an amputation survived

39. Wounded by minie ball

40. Minie ball bone damage

42. chloroform was standard issue for every doctor. The use of chloroform allowed for doctors to successfully amputate with the patient unconscious.

43. Changes in Military Technology Tactics like cavalry charges and infantry assaults didn’t work as well as before. The increased range and accuracy of the rifle allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers before they could reach their position. Tactics like cavalry charges and infantry assaults didn’t work as well as before. The increased range and accuracy of the rifle allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers before they could reach their position.

44. Changes in Military Technology An ironclad is a wooden warship covered with iron plates.

45. CSA Iron Clad in battle with USN ‘wooden’ frigate

46. USS Monitor and CSS Virginia

47. Turret Turret: 8 layers of 1 inch iron-plates all bolted ogether…9 feet tall

51. U.S.S. Cairo Iron Clad River-boat U.S.S. Cairo – Iron Clad River-boat

53. The first battle between ironclads took place on March 9, 1862. The CSS Virginia battled the USS Monitor for four hours, before sailing away.

54. 16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War? Choose all that are true! A.the minié ball B.ironclad ships C.land mines D.poison gas E.rifles F.explosive rockets A.the minié ball B.ironclad ships C.land mines D.poison gas E.rifles F.explosive rockets

55. 16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War? Choose all that are true! A.the minié ball B.ironclad ships C.land mines D.poison gas E.rifles F.explosive rockets A.the minié ball B.ironclad ships C.land mines D.poison gas E.rifles F.explosive rockets

56. 16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War? Choose all that are true! A.the minié ball B.ironclad ships C.land mines D.poison gas E.rifles F.explosive rockets A.the minié ball B.ironclad ships C.land mines D.poison gas E.rifles F.explosive rockets

57. How did use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War? A.Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties. B.Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars. C.Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter. D.They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary. A.Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties. B.Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars. C.Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter. D.They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.

58. How did use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War? A.Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties. B.Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars. C.Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter. D.They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary. A.Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties. B.Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars. C.Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter. D.They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.