1. Unit 9: Lecture 1 Early Days of the Civil Rights Movement Chapter14

2. Lecture Review Questions 1. 1. What were some challenges African Americans faced under segregation? 2. How did the Civil Rights Movement begin? 3. 3. Which civil rights organization won a number of important court cases against segregation in the 1950s? 4. What action did African Americans take early on in their struggle for freedom? 5. How did the movement split under New Leaders? 6. What was the lasting legacy of the Civil Rights Movement?

3. Legacy of the South Supreme Court Case Plessy v Ferguson? Separate, but Equal Ruling cemented segregation in America for nearly 100 years after the civil War. Jim Crow Laws? Laws that separated the races and justified the second class status of African Americans

4. A History of Violence & Oppression Supreme Court Case Plessy v Ferguson? Separate, but Equal Ruling cemented segregation in America for nearly 100 years after the civil War. Jim Crow Laws? Laws that separated the races and justified the second class status of African Americans Lynching Lynching Lack of Voting Rights Lack of Voting Rights Lower rates of homeownership Lower rates of homeownership Very few held Very few held public office public office Poor Access to education & jobs Poor Access to education & jobs

5. Roots of the Movement Great Migration Great Migration New Deal New Deal WWII WWII Rise of NAACP Rise of NAACP

6. What impact did Emmett Till’s death have on young African American’s of the 1950s? Inspired a generation of African Americans to begin a Civil Rights Movement that would bring new freedom for black citizens. Inspired a generation of African Americans to begin a Civil Rights Movement that would bring new freedom for black citizens. Exposed the system to be broken and racist. Exposed the system to be broken and racist.

7. 1 st significant Victory: Getting the Law on your side National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Brown v. Board of Education 1954 NAACP became the most powerful civil rights organization in the nation, attracting both white and black members

8. Early Actions Rosa Parks arrest Rosa Parks arrest Montgomery Bus Boycott Montgomery Bus Boycott Formation of CORE SCLC SNCC Formation of CORE SCLC SNCC

9. What reaction did the Supreme Court Case Brown v. Board of Education have in the segregationist South of the United States of America? By overturning the principle of “separate, but equal” the Court lent its support to the views of many civil rights advocates that all forms of segregation were wrong. By overturning the principle of “separate, but equal” the Court lent its support to the views of many civil rights advocates that all forms of segregation were wrong. Southern States collectively rejected the Courts ruling and refused to integrate Schools. Southern States collectively rejected the Courts ruling and refused to integrate Schools.

10. Where did the fight to integrate schools make national news? Central High School Little Rock Arkansas Central High School Little Rock Arkansas Gov. Oral Faubus called in the National Guard to block the 9 black student who were scheduled to attend the school Gov. Oral Faubus called in the National Guard to block the 9 black student who were scheduled to attend the school Elizabeth Eckford walked alone among the angry mob being spit on and taunted with possibly being lynched Elizabeth Eckford walked alone among the angry mob being spit on and taunted with possibly being lynched

11. What action did President Eisenhower take to enforce the Supreme Court’s decision that “Separate But Equal” facilities was unconstitutional President Eisenhower called in federal troops to protect the students and enforce the Court’s Ruling President Eisenhower called in federal troops to protect the students and enforce the Court’s Ruling Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1957

12. Students make the Difference College grass roots campaigns=Sit-ins College grass roots campaigns=Sit-ins Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee=SNCC Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee=SNCC Riding For Freedom=Risk Riding For Freedom=Risk JFK intervenes JFK intervenes James Meredith Integrates University of Mississippi James Meredith Integrates University of Mississippi

13. The Movement Intensifies Birmingham Birmingham Letter from Birmingham Jail Letter from Birmingham Jail March on Washington March on Washington “I have a Dream Speech” “I have a Dream Speech” Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964

14. Taking up the Challenge Freedom Summer Freedom Summer Marching on Selma Marching on Selma Voting Rights Act 1965 Voting Rights Act 1965 24 th Amendment to US Constitution 24 th Amendment to US Constitution Frustration Explodes into Violence Frustration Explodes into Violence

15. New Leaders & New Vision Malcom X & the Nation of Islam Malcom X & the Nation of Islam Black Power Movement Black Power Movement Black Panthers Black Panthers

16. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement Assassinations Assassinations MLK/RFK/ MX MLK/RFK/ MX Gains Won Gains Won Eliminated De jure Segregation Eliminated De jure Segregation Fair Housing Act Fair Housing Act Allowed for voting and Political participation Allowed for voting and Political participation Thurgood Marshall appointed to Supreme Court\ Thurgood Marshall appointed to Supreme Court\ Controversial Issues Remain Controversial Issues Remain Integration-Forced Busing Integration-Forced Busing Affirmative Action Affirmative Action