1. The Cold War 1945-1990 1  ___ vs. Union of _______________________  _____________vs. _________________

2. US/USSR Relationship during WWII 1939: _____(USSR) makes a deal with _____ (Germany). 1939: _____(USSR) makes a deal with _____ (Germany). 1941: Hitler _______deal and attacks _____. 1941: Hitler _______deal and attacks _____. Stalin _____________and fights with US and other allies. Stalin _____________and fights with US and other allies. 2

3. Post-World War Two Tensions The U.S. and the Soviet Union were ______in WWII, however the only commonality between them was ____________of the _____powers The U.S. and the Soviet Union were ______in WWII, however the only commonality between them was ____________of the _____powers As tensions grew both countries used ___________(spies) and assisted their allies during small ____________(wars) As tensions grew both countries used ___________(spies) and assisted their allies during small ____________(wars) Both countries _____________ including ______weapons, and became known as ____________ Both countries _____________ including ______weapons, and became known as ____________ The super powers did not fight directly with one another (= _____________________), but competed for _______influence over __________countries The super powers did not fight directly with one another (= _____________________), but competed for _______influence over __________countries The tensions between the superpowers began through __________and __________ differences: the Soviet Union was ___________and the U.S. ___________ The tensions between the superpowers began through __________and __________ differences: the Soviet Union was ___________and the U.S. ___________

4. Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US Promote _____________for US goods to prevent another _____________ Promote _____________for US goods to prevent another _____________ Promote ____________ throughout the world, especially in ____and ______ Promote ____________ throughout the world, especially in ____and ______ Stop the spread of _____________ Stop the spread of _____________ “_______________”“_______________” 4

5. Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR Create greater ___________for itself Create greater ___________for itself Lost tens of __________of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges Lost tens of __________of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges Feared a strong ____________ Feared a strong ____________ Establish ____________________ Establish ____________________ Encourage ________governments on its ___________ Encourage ________governments on its ___________ Spread ____________around the world Spread ____________around the world 5 “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.” Excerpt from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain Speech.”

6. Tensions between the USA and the Soviet Union (USSR) The tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union became known as the _______ because the conflict never erupted into an ________. It lasted over _______years.

7. Cold War Characteristics 7 __________, ________and __________struggle between the _____and the _______that spread throughout the world__________, ________and __________struggle between the _____and the _______that spread throughout the world Struggle that contained everything short of ______Struggle that contained everything short of ______ Competing social and economic _____________Competing social and economic _____________

8. Key Concept: What were the six major strategies of the Cold War? The six major strategies were: 1. Brinkmanship, 1. Brinkmanship, 2. Espionage, 2. Espionage, 3. Foreign aid, 3. Foreign aid, 4.Alliances, 4.Alliances, 5. Propaganda, 5. Propaganda, 6. Surrogate wars. 6. Surrogate wars. 8 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1.

9. Canada and the Marshall Plan ___ and _____wanted ______to recover after WWII ___ and _____wanted ______to recover after WWII ______wanted Europe to remain in _______to make ______________appealing ______wanted Europe to remain in _______to make ______________appealing Canada ________the UK large sums of money from 1945 -1948 to help in their __________ Canada ________the UK large sums of money from 1945 -1948 to help in their __________ 1948, Secretary of State George ________came up with a plan to help ________________ 1948, Secretary of State George ________came up with a plan to help ________________ _______and the ___jointly contributed __________ dollars (mostly from the US) in ________and _____ from 1948 -1953 _______and the ___jointly contributed __________ dollars (mostly from the US) in ________and _____ from 1948 -1953 The recovery in Europe was ______the expectations of those who created the plan The recovery in Europe was ______the expectations of those who created the plan _______and ________returned to Western Europe within a _________ _______and ________returned to Western Europe within a _________

10. Canada and the Cold War

11. Canada and the Cold War- Concerns and Suspicions The Gouzenko Affair  In September 1945 a _______ clerk at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, Igor _________took documents proving a _____ __________was operating in Canada to the Ottawa Journal.  At first no one paid him any attention, so Gouzenko fearing for his life and his family’s he went to the _________, the department of ______, and the _____ office.

12. The Gouzenko Affair – cont’ It wasn’t until ______________ broke into Gouzenko’s ________ that the police listened to his story. In February 1946 the RCMP arrested several people suspected of being Soviet _____; eighteen were brought to _____ and eight were found _______. The spy ring was likely trying to discover the ______of the _____ bomb The threat of ___________and the __________now hit home for Canadians

13. The Red Scare The massive fear of __________ became known as the ___ ________ The massive fear of __________ became known as the ___ ________ The _______began inquiries of potential communists in Canada The _______began inquiries of potential communists in Canada PM Louis __________refused to outlaw communism, believing doing do was a __________ tactic not a ___________ PM Louis __________refused to outlaw communism, believing doing do was a __________ tactic not a ___________ _________Premier Maurice _______________introduced the ___________to shut down suspected communist _______________ _________Premier Maurice _______________introduced the ___________to shut down suspected communist _______________

14. Policy of Containment Policy of Containment _________countries feared that the goal of communists was to ________all societies _________countries feared that the goal of communists was to ________all societies the American strategy was to ‘_________’ communism by preventing it from _________to other countries the American strategy was to ‘_________’ communism by preventing it from _________to other countries The ______ therefore provided ________aid and ______support to those countries _____________by communism The ______ therefore provided ________aid and ______support to those countries _____________by communism

15. Containment – Domino Theory The ____________: the Americans developed this metaphor to describe the ____of countries falling ___________to the ______and _________ The ____________: the Americans developed this metaphor to describe the ____of countries falling ___________to the ______and _________ ______had quickly created communist __________in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia after ______ ______had quickly created communist __________in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia after ______

16. McCarthyism In the U.S. anyone __________of being a communist could be persecuted, fired or black listed; this became known as “_____ __________” or ___________because it was led by Senator Joseph McCarthy and the “Committee of ___ __________Activities” In the U.S. anyone __________of being a communist could be persecuted, fired or black listed; this became known as “_____ __________” or ___________because it was led by Senator Joseph McCarthy and the “Committee of ___ __________Activities”

17. The Division of Germany At the end of _____Germany was split into _________________________ At the end of _____Germany was split into _________________________ ______, ______, the ___ joined their three zones to form _______ Germany and the ________Union created _____Germany (German Democratic Republic) ______, ______, the ___ joined their three zones to form _______ Germany and the ________Union created _____Germany (German Democratic Republic) Although ________was located in _____Germany, it also was divided into ___ zones. _________nations were permitted access through specific ________, ________and ___ corridors. Although ________was located in _____Germany, it also was divided into ___ zones. _________nations were permitted access through specific ________, ________and ___ corridors.

18. Germany – Berlin Blockade When the _____introduced new __________into West Germany, the Soviet Union refused to _______it in _____and blocked ____________routes which the West used to supply West Berlin. When the _____introduced new __________into West Germany, the Soviet Union refused to _______it in _____and blocked ____________routes which the West used to supply West Berlin. This was considered a _____act of ___________by Stalin, and the Western nations did not want to give up ______(due to the _________theory). This was considered a _____act of ___________by Stalin, and the Western nations did not want to give up ______(due to the _________theory). For __ months (June 24, 1948 to May 11, 1949) _____Berlin got supplies through massive ______by the ________Nations. For __ months (June 24, 1948 to May 11, 1949) _____Berlin got supplies through massive ______by the ________Nations. The Soviets realized the _________was not working and the dispute _______with two separate _____________for Berlin. The Soviets realized the _________was not working and the dispute _______with two separate _____________for Berlin.

19. Berlin Blockade Western Allies decided to form ______ (1948) after the Berlin Blockade Crisis Western Allies decided to form ______ (1948) after the Berlin Blockade Crisis NATO: __________________________________NATO: __________________________________ The Berlin Blockade became one of the ____ major crises of the new _____________ The Berlin Blockade became one of the ____ major crises of the new _____________ The crisis __________after the Soviet Union did ______________American, British and French ______________airlifts of food and other provisions to the Western-held sectors of Berlin; referred to as Operation _______. The crisis __________after the Soviet Union did ______________American, British and French ______________airlifts of food and other provisions to the Western-held sectors of Berlin; referred to as Operation _______. The Berlin Blockade was one of the _______ blockades in history. The Berlin Blockade was one of the _______ blockades in history.

20. Germany – The Berlin Wall In August _______ the __________began construction, closing the border between East and West ______(for _____years). In August _______ the __________began construction, closing the border between East and West ______(for _____years). Professionals and _______workers were migrating to _______Berlin, damaging the _____ ____________and Soviet leader ___________approved the building of a wall to stop ____________. Professionals and _______workers were migrating to _______Berlin, damaging the _____ ____________and Soviet leader ___________approved the building of a wall to stop ____________. The Berlin Wall became a major ______of the Cold War The Berlin Wall became a major ______of the Cold War

21. Berlin Wall Berlin Wall - view from West Berlin - death strip & graffiti; In the last phase of the wall's development, the “___________" between fence and concrete wall gave _____a clear ______at hundreds of would-be _________from the East.

22. Canada in _________(1950-53) Canadian Government sent _____, three ____ destroyers and _______ Canadian Government sent _____, three ____ destroyers and _______ Over _______ Canadians fought in Korea between June ____ and July ____ Over _______ Canadians fought in Korea between June ____ and July ____ _____ were killed, _____ were wounded and ____ became _______ _____ were killed, _____ were wounded and ____ became _______ Canadians took on a __________role after the __________was signed Canadians took on a __________role after the __________was signed

23. ________ Crisis (1956) In 1956, _____seized the __________ from _____ and ________ In 1956, _____seized the __________ from _____ and ________ France, Britain and _____ joined forces and _________Egypt to take back control of the Canal France, Britain and _____ joined forces and _________Egypt to take back control of the Canal The Soviet Union sided with ______and demanded a _________of the invading armies The Soviet Union sided with ______and demanded a _________of the invading armies The fighting increased The fighting increased Looked as if this crisis would ignite a ______ World War Looked as if this crisis would ignite a ______ World War

24. The Suez Crisis & The Start of UN Peacekeeping Canada’s Acting Minister of ____________, Lester ______, came up with a plan to end the conflict Canada’s Acting Minister of ____________, Lester ______, came up with a plan to end the conflict He went to the ____ and suggested creating a _____________force to run the Suez Canal until a settlement could be reached He went to the ____ and suggested creating a _____________force to run the Suez Canal until a settlement could be reached The UN ________and the battle forces ________from the canal The UN ________and the battle forces ________from the canal Lester Pearson was awarded the _______________for his efforts in ending the Suez Crisis Lester Pearson was awarded the _______________for his efforts in ending the Suez Crisis

25. Vietnam War (1954-1975) ____________________Vietnam invaded _____________Vietnam ____________________Vietnam invaded _____________Vietnam The ______________entered the war to stop Vietnam from becoming a ________communist nation The ______________entered the war to stop Vietnam from becoming a ________communist nation The US were involved _______in Vietnam from the early 1960s until they withdrew in 1975 The US were involved _______in Vietnam from the early 1960s until they withdrew in 1975 The communists took _______of Vietnam The communists took _______of Vietnam The war ______the people of the ______________ The war ______the people of the ______________ _________Vietnamese and ______ Americans were killed as a result of the conflict _________Vietnamese and ______ Americans were killed as a result of the conflict

26. Canada and Vietnam (1955-1975) In 1965, PM Lester _________ ________US involvement in Vietnam in a speech he gave at an American university In 1965, PM Lester _________ ________US involvement in Vietnam in a speech he gave at an American university US President Lyndon _________ met Pearson the next day US President Lyndon _________ met Pearson the next day Johnson lifted Pearson off the floor by his __________and told him, “You came into my house and pissed on my rug!”. Johnson lifted Pearson off the floor by his __________and told him, “You came into my house and pissed on my rug!”. The _________Government also let US _______________and conscientious objectors ____ Canada during the Vietnam War The _________Government also let US _______________and conscientious objectors ____ Canada during the Vietnam War This also _________the US Government who felt that these people should be tried as _________in the United States This also _________the US Government who felt that these people should be tried as _________in the United States

27. This was the ______the world ever came to __________. The US armed forces were at their highest state of readiness ever, and _________in ______were prepared to launch nuclear weapons to defend the island if it were invaded. This was the ______the world ever came to __________. The US armed forces were at their highest state of readiness ever, and _________in ______were prepared to launch nuclear weapons to defend the island if it were invaded. In 1962, the USSR ______far behind the US in the ________. Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against __________but US missiles were capable of striking the _____Soviet Union. In 1962, the USSR ______far behind the US in the ________. Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against __________but US missiles were capable of striking the _____Soviet Union. In April 1962, Soviet Premier _________ deployed missiles in Cuba to provide a _________to a potential US attack against the USSR. In April 1962, Soviet Premier _________ deployed missiles in Cuba to provide a _________to a potential US attack against the USSR. Meanwhile, Fidel _____was looking for a way to defend his island nation from an attack by the US. Ever since the failed ___ _________invasion in 1961, Castro felt a second attack was ____________. Meanwhile, Fidel _____was looking for a way to defend his island nation from an attack by the US. Ever since the failed ___ _________invasion in 1961, Castro felt a second attack was ____________. Consequently, he approved of Khrushchev's plan to place missiles on the island. In the summer of 1962 the USSR _________installed the missiles. Consequently, he approved of Khrushchev's plan to place missiles on the island. In the summer of 1962 the USSR _________installed the missiles. 27 ___________________Crisis (1959-1962) CIA map showing range of Soviet supplied intermediate and medium range missiles if launched from Cuba

28. The crisis began on October ____, 1962 when reconnaissance revealed _______ _______under construction in ________. The crisis began on October ____, 1962 when reconnaissance revealed _______ _______under construction in ________. After seven days of intense ______within the White House, __________imposed a ________around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles. After seven days of intense ______within the White House, __________imposed a ________around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles. On October ____, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched __________would be regarded as an attack on the _____by the _______and demanded that the Soviets ________all of their _________weapons from Cuba. On October ____, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched __________would be regarded as an attack on the _____by the _______and demanded that the Soviets ________all of their _________weapons from Cuba. October __was the worst day of the crisis. A ____________was shot down over Cuba. October __was the worst day of the crisis. A ____________was shot down over Cuba. Tensions finally began to ____on October ___ when Khrushchev announced that he would ___________the installations and remove the missiles, expressing his _____ that the US would not invade ______. Tensions finally began to ____on October ___ when Khrushchev announced that he would ___________the installations and remove the missiles, expressing his _____ that the US would not invade ______. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet _______ be _______from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US assurances not to invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet _______ be _______from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US assurances not to invade Cuba. 28 Cuban Missile Crisis… From top: Castro, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and poster for a movie about the crisis called Thirteen Days