1. Saint Valentine History and Traditions

2. Saint Valentine History Emperor Claudius II of Rome War Cancelled marriages and engagements Valentine secretly married couples Death penalty

3. Roman tradition Eve of Feast if Lupercalia (fertility festival) Girls names in jar, men pulled out names Relationships

4. Middle Ages Tradition of pulling names out of bowl – similar to Roman tradition Would wear names on sleeve for a week Saying “wear your heart on your sleeve”

5. English traditions Good morning to you, valentine; Curl your locks as I do mine --- Two before and three behind. Good morning to you, valentine. Old traditional song

6. Welsh wooden lovespoons “You unlock my heart!” Carved with shapes Hearts, keys, keyholes

7. English traditions now Giving of cards (either signed or anonymous) Couples to restaurants Giving of flowers and chocolates

8. American traditions Cards traditionally to all friends Not so much of a “romantic” gesture as in England

9. Superstitions Apple stem twists Dandelion seeds Apple seeds