1. Web Insights from blogs and search trends Mike Thelwall Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group University of Wolverhampton, UK http://cybermetrics.wlv.ac.uk/ Virtual Knowledge Studio (VKS) Information Studies

2. Why blog analysis? There are hundreds of millions of bloggers Analysing blog post trends may give insights into public opinion Blog analysis is simple, modern, highly flexible can generate a wide variety of small self- contained interesting research projects with can promote thought about key research ideas – such as method limitations Hindsight fallacy

3. Example of blog study Retrospective analysis of the genesis of the Danish Cartoons affair A graph of the volume of blogging about the Danish Cartoons

4. Tracking Issues in Blogs Using blogs as a public opinion repository

5. Consumer monitoring and retrospective public opinion IBM, Microsoft, Nielsen Buzzmetrics, and Market sentinel etc. monitor consumer opinion as a market research serviceNielsen Buzzmetrics Market sentinel Read consumers’ minds about what they like/dislike – from their blog/forum postings Researchers can analyse public opinion retrospectively via simple tools such as blogpulse.com Only source of general retrospective public opinion But only works well for huge issues

6. Blog searches Blog search engines allow blog-only searches for current opinion or retrospective opinion Blogpulse, Technorati, Blogdigger, IceRocket (allows date-specific searches) Blogpulse Blog searching allows genuine date range search NB Google only allows “last updated” date range searches Research idea: Pick a topic and run a content analysis of 100 blog posts from date 1, comparing it to a content analysis of 100 blog posts from date 2, looking for differences.

7. Tracking evolution over time Is interest in a topic changing E.g., stem cell research/GM food? Blogs can be used to generate time series reflecting changes in “public interest” BlogpulseBlogpulse and Technorati offer free time series graphsTechnorati

8. Free debate evolution graphs

12. Detecting Emerging Issues from Blogs Blogs can be used to retrospectively identify key events within a broad issue

13. How can key events be detected? Without blogs - Heuristic methods E.g. Read papers, scan relevant blogs With blogs – look for spikes in a relevant search i.e. look for sudden increase in relevant blogging

14. Each spike may be an event

15. Content analysis A content analysis of a sample of blog postings from key dates is important to validate the accuracy of the results (are the posts really about the desired topic and not something irrelevant?) find out the causes of the blogging – what are the posts about or why did bloggers write about the topic identify any important sub-issues See e.g., Neuendorf, K. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. London: Sage.

16. Limitations Representativeness of “sample” As public opinion evidence How representative are bloggers of citizens? – Depends to some extent on topic researched As blogger evidence How representative is the sample of all bloggers? It is hard to locate bloggers by country Blog search engines cover an unknown fraction of blogspace Almost certainly biassed by country and language

17. Google Trends for triangulation Google trends tracks the popularity of Google searches Useful second opinion for blog trends Broader user base but can’t do content analysis http://www.google.com/trends

18. Michael Jackson

19. Neda

20. Michael Jackson vs. Neda

21. Limitations of trends Can’t check the “meaning” of the searches –e.g., which Neda? Searchers may use other terms –e.g., Neda Youtube video

22. Summary Blog analysis is easy to do with Blogpulse Many opportunities for exploration and new types of social science research Blog analysis has lots of limitations that students can explore in small, interesting projects Works best on big news stories – otherwise too small blog footprint

23. Reading Thelwall, M. (2009). Introduction to Webometrics: Quantitative Web Research for the Social Sciences. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool. Thelwall, M. (2007). Blog searching: The first general-purpose source of retrospective public opinion in the social sciences? Online Information Review, 31(3), 277-289. Thelwall, M., Byrne, A. & Goody, M. (2007). Which types of news story attract bloggers? Information Research, 12(4) http://informationr.net/ir/12- 4/paper327.html