1. Christine Sloane International Conference on Hydrogen Safety Round Table Panel Discussion Pisa, Italy 7 – 10 September 2005

2. Areas where standards for fuel cell vehicles differ from conventional electric vehicles fuel cell stack (electrical isolation) fuel handling system (leak) fuel storage system (unintended release) refueling Fuel Cell Power Module Hydrogen Storage System Hydrogen Fuel Handling System vehicle-level crash performance standards system-level performance standards interface-to-infrastructure prescriptive standards * Fuel Cell = rechargeable (refuelable) battery

3. What do we want from Codes & Standards?  Public safety  Commercial feasibility Infrastructure compatibility International consistency  Rapid entry of new technology Risk: premature & prescriptive standards slow advances -- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe Solution: performance standards

4. Performance Standards Require demonstration of safe performance under cumulative extremes of potential use same requirement regardless of materials used same requirement regardless of method of construction explicit linkage to extremes of potential use & exposure Example: Vehicle Crash Test vehicle hits barrier at specified speed & angle required performance: impact on passengers fuel release design validation manufacturing validation (periodic or batch test)

5. Interim Specs Industry Standards Concept Cars Is it real? Demo Cars Can we do it? Pre-Commercial Is it viable?Production 10s 10s 100s 1000sCriticalmass Guidelines & Best Practices Potential Rollout of FCV Standards & Rulemaking technology advances & evaluation validation & experience Regulations commercial feasibility # vehicles worldwide EU nations UN ECE FMVSS & UN GTR US-NHTSA ISO SAE Rule Making Economy of scale = cost Focus on global design = quality & less time

6. Tokyo JHFC FedEx Demo U.S. Postal Service Berlin CEP Demo Washingon,DC GM fleet 9700 kilometers DOW 1MW

7. Validating Refueling Methods

8. Thank you